Ang tumbaga o kobre (Iningles copper ) mao ang elementong kimiko sa talaang peryodiko nga may simbolo nga Cu ug kaiphan nga atomik 29. Ang tumbaga mao ang puthaw nga transisyon .
Quick Facts Copper, Panagway ...
Copper
29 Cu
Panagway
red-orange metallic luster Native copper (~4 cm in size)
Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
Ngalan, simbolo , kaiphan
copper, Cu, 29
Paglitok
[[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all -ər ]]
Kategoriyang elemento
puthaw nga transisyon
Group , period , block
11 , 4 , d
Gibug-aton sa atomo
63.546(3)
Kontorno sa elektron
[ Ar ] 3d10 4s1 2, 8, 18, 1
Electron shells of copper (2, 8, 18, 1)
History
Pagkadiskobre
Middle Easterns (9000 BC )
Physical properties
Phase
magahi
Density (near r.t. )
8.96 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.
8.02 g·cm−3
Melting point
1357.77 K , 1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F
Boiling point
2835 K, 2562 °C, 4643 °F
Heat of fusion
13.26 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization
300.4 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity
24.440 J·mol−1 ·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1509
1661
1850
2089
2404
2834
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
+1, +2 , +3, +4 (mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity
1.90 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more )
1st: 745.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3555 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius
128 pm
Covalent radius
132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius
140 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure
face-centered cubic
Magnetic ordering
diamagnetic [ 1]
Electrical resistivity
(20 °C) 16.78 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity
401 W·m−1 ·K−1
Thermal expansion
(25 °C) 16.5 µm·m−1 ·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)
(r.t. ) (annealed) 3810 m·s−1
Young's modulus
110–128 GPa
Shear modulus
48 GPa
Bulk modulus
140 GPa
Poisson ratio
0.34
Mohs hardness
3.0
Vickers hardness
369 MPa
Brinell hardness
874 MPa
CAS registry number
7440-50-8
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of copper
iso
NA
half-life
DM
DE (MeV )
DP
63 Cu
69.15%
63 Cu is stable with 34 neutrons
64 Cu
syn
12.700 h
ε
-
64 Ni
β−
-
64 Zn
65 Cu
30.85%
65 Cu is stable with 36 neutrons
67 Cu
syn
61.83 h
β−
-
67 Zn
· r
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