List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE *gʷōus.

The meanings of these words do not always correspond to Germanic cognates, and occasionally the specific meaning in the list is unique to English.

Those Germanic words listed below with a Frankish source mostly came into English through Anglo-Norman, and so despite ultimately deriving from Proto-Germanic, came to English through a Romance language (and many have cognates in modern Romance languages). This results in some Germanic doublets, such as yard and garden, through Anglo-Saxons and Anglo-Normans respectively.

List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

Germanic source	Germanic	Latinate	Latin source
Frankish *bannjan, *bandjan PGmc *laibijaną + *af- PGmc *frasakaną PGmc *fralētaną PGmc *gebaną + *ūp PGmc *bilinnaną	abandon leave forsake forlet give up blin	relinquish abdicate desert renounce	relinquere < re- + linquere abdicāre < ab- + dicātus dēserere < dē- + serere renūntiāre < re- + nūntius
PGmc *akiz Frankish *hūrt PGmc *smartōn- PGmc *wai PGmc *sairaz PGmc *þrawō PGmc *warkiz	ache hurt smart woe sore throe wark	pain agony	poena < Gk poinē L.L. agōnia < Gk agōniā
PGmc *lataz, *lētiz (Frankish *lat, *lēti) PGmc *trewwiþō	allegiance troth	fidelity loyalty	fidēlitās lēgālis
PGmc *ana + *libą PGmc *kwikwaz	alive quick (living)	animate	animātus < animāre < anima
Old Norse angr PGmc *wraiþiþo	anger wrath	rage ire	rabiēs īra
Frankish *raidjan PGmc *raihwaz PGmc *hrengaz (Frankish *hring) PGmc *līnǭ + *ūp PGmc *sat- PGmc *hlutą PGmc *līstǭ	array row range, rank line, lineup set lot list	series order sequence	seriēs < serere ordō L.L. sequentia < sequēns < sequī
Old English andswaru	answer	response	responsum
WGmc *aiskōn PGmc *frignaną PGmc *besōkijaną Old English bedecian PGmc *sōkijaną	ask frain beseech beg seek	inquire request	in + quaerere re + quaerere
PGmc *gawaraz PGmc *ana + *breustą PGmc *ūp + *tō + *spōdiz	aware abreast up to speed (idiom, compound word)	cognizant	cognoscere
WGmc *bauknan Frankish *baukan Old Norse *flǫgra, flakka Frankish *hariwald Frankish *heriberga Frankish *witan	beacon buoy flag herald harbinger guide	signal indicator	M.L. signāle M.L. indicātor
PGmc *bi- + *furai PGmc *bi- + *furai + *handuz PGmc *ana + *haubudą + *af PGmc *airiz	before beforehand ahead of ere	prior previous	prior prae- + via
PGmc *bi- + *hafjaną PGmc *beraną + *-unga Frankish *stikkan Frankish *wīsa PGmc *wegaz	behaviour bearing etiquette guise way	action attitude manner conduct	āctiō L.L. aptitūdō V.L. *manuāria < L manuārius < manus M.L. conductus < L condūcere
PGmc *bi- + *haitaną PGmc *bidjaną + *-unga	behest bidding	command order	V.L. commandāre ordō
PGmc *bī- + *hōfą PGmc *gagniz PGmc *fura- + *dailiz PGmc *bōniz PGmc *blōdisōjaną + *-unga PGmc *wela + *farō	behoof gain foredeal boon blessing welfare	advantage benefit	L.L.*abantaticum benefactum
WGmc *bī- + *ginnan PGmc *sturtjaną	begin start	commence	com + initiāre
PGmc *galaubją PGmc *gamenþiją + *sat- PGmc *gōdaz + *spellą PGmc *trewwiþō PGmc *hlinunga	belief mindset gospel truth leaning	creed	crēdere
PGmc *bilībaną PGmc *uz- + *bīdaną PGmc *terganą PGmc *stadiz	belive, belave abide tarry stay	remain	re- + manere
PGmc *balgiz PGmc *medi- + *hrefiz PGmc *wambō	belly midriff womb	abdomen	abdomen
Middle English bigge (< Old Norse?) PGmc *grautaz PGmc *stōraz, stōriz PGmc *mikilaz PGmc *haugaz (Frankish *houg)	big great stour mickle huge	large grand	larga < largus grandis
PGmc *gaburþiz + *dagaz PGmc *jērą + *tīdiz	birthday yeartide	anniversary	M.L. (diēs) anniversāria
PGmc *blīwą PGmc *hiwją PGmc *daugō PGmc *skadwō PGmc *wlitiz	blee hue dye shade lit	colour	AN colur < OF colour < L color < OL colos
PGmc *blōmô PGmc *blōsmaz PGmc *buddǭ PGmc *burjô (Frankish *burjan)	bloom blossom bud burgeon	flower	flor- < flos
PGmc *budagą PGmc *framojaną WGmc *makojaną + *ūp PGmc *līką	body, embodiment frame makeup lich	corpus, corpse carcass cadaver	corpus M.L. carcosium, carcasium < ? cadāver
PGmc *brōþar	brotherly	fraternal	frāternus
Old English budda Old English bitela	bug beetle	insect	insectum
Old English byldan PGmc *raizijaną Old Norse reisa	build rear raise	construct	cōnstruere < com + struere
Old English bysig + nisse PGmc *under + *takaną PGmc *nutō	business undertaking note	affair enterprise	ad + facere Fr. entre + prendre
PGmc *bugjaną Old English copian	buy cop	purchase	pro- + V.L. *captiare
WGmc *kalbam	calf	veal	vitellus, vitulus
PGmc *kallōjaną + *-unga Middle English jobbe PGmc *lība- + *werką PGmc *lība- + *laidō PGmc *libēn- + *-unga	calling job lifework livelihood living	career profession vocation occupation employment	L.L. carrāria (via) < Celtic M.L. professiō vocātiō occupātiō implicāre + -mentum
PGmc *kattuz	cat	felid, feline	fēlis
Frankish *gram, *grinjan PGmc *maganą PGmc *skamō	chagrin dismay shame	displeasure dissatisfaction	dis- + L placēre dis- + L satisfactiō
PGmc *skihaną (Middle High German schicken) PGmc *trandijaną PGmc *wagōną (Old Saxon wogōn) PGmc *dapraz (via Middle Dutch dapper) Middle English dasshen (< Danish daske) PGmc *swankianą PGmc *ūp + *tūnaz, *tūną	chic trendy in vogue dapper dashing swanky uptown	elegant fashionable stylish	ēlegāns < ēlegere factiō < facere stylus, stilus
PGmc *kelþaz PGmc *barną Middle English babe + -y PGmc *kidją (via Old Norse kið) Middle English newborn	child bairn baby kid newborn	infant neonate	īnfāns neonātus
PGmc *keusaną PGmc *pikkaną PGmc *walą (Old Norse val)	choose pick wale	opt select	optare sēlēctus < sēligere < sē- + legere
PGmc *karzjaną	chore	task	M.L. tasca
PGmc *kaldaz PGmc *kaliz + *-igaz PGmc *freusaną	cold chilly freezing	frigid	frigidus
PGmc *kwemaną PGmc *landijaną PGmc *raikijaną PGmc *getaną WGmc *makōjan	come land reach get to make (to a place)	arrive	ad + ripa
PGmc *kūz PGmc *bulô PGmc *nautą PGmc *uhsô PGmc *steuraz PGmc *wīsundaz (Old High German wisunt) Old High German ūrohso	cow bull neat ox steer bison aurochs	beef cattle	bōs/bovis V.L. capitale
PGmc *dagaz + *likaz	daily	diurnal quotidian	diurnalis
PGmc *daudaz + *likaz PGmc *banô + *fullaz	deadly baneful	mortal fatal	mortālis fatum
PGmc *dōmjaną Frankish *wardōn PGmc *haldaną PGmc *fōlijaną PGmc *bi- + *þankijaną	deem regard hold feel bethink	judge consider esteem	iūdicāre consīderāre aestimāre
PGmc *deuzą PGmc *hirutaz PGmc *dajjǭ (Old English dā) PGmc *hindō PGmc *staggijô PGmc *raihą PGmc *bukkaz	deer hart doe hind stag roe buck	venison	venātiō/nis
PGmc *gamainijaz PGmc *bī- + *lūtilaz PGmc *putōną+ *dūn PGmc *lēgaz	demean, bemean belittle put down lower	debase, abase degrade humiliate	L.L. bassus < Oscan or Celtic L.L. dēgradāre < dē- + gradus L.L. humiliātus < humiliāre < humilis
PGmc *dōną PGmc *frumjaną, *framjaną PGmc *under + *takaną	do perform undertake	execute dispatch	M.L. execūtāre < ex(s)equī O.Fr. despeechier < des- + L.L. -pedicāre
Old English docga PGmc *hundaz	dog hound	canid, canine	canis
PGmc *drunkiz PGmc *sweljaną Old High German garo + ūz Old Norse ves + heill PGmc *sūpaną	drink swill carouse wassail sup, sip	imbibe beverage	imbibere < in + bibere
PGmc *dūbǭ	dove	pigeon culver	V.L. pibionem columbula
PGmc *ernustuz PGmc *grimmaz PGmc *sternijaz	earnest grim stern	serious grave sober	L.L. sēriōsus gravis sōbrius
PGmc *dritō PGmc *erþō PGmc *landą PGmc *grunduz PGmc *landą + *skapiz	dirt earth land ground landscape	terrain	terrenum < terra
PGmc *austrōnijaz PGmc *austrą + *līkaz PGmc *austrą + *warþaz	eastern easterly eastward	oriental	orīri
PGmc *etaną PGmc *suppaną PGmc *brekaną + *brauþą PGmc *bankiz PGmc *fōdijaną Middle Dutch snacken PGmc *swelganą PGmc *hnaskwajaną PGmc *takaną + *in PGmc *bītaną PGmc *skirfaną (Old English sceorfan)	eat sup break bread banquet feed snack swallow nosh take in bite scarf	dine consume devour ingest	V.L. diseieunare < dis + ieiunare consūmere dēvorāre ingestus < ingerere
PGmc *aldiz, *aldō PGmc *lībą + *tīmô PGmc *lībą + *spannō	eld lifetime lifespan	age	aevitās ( < aevum) + -age
PGmc *andijōną PGmc *fullfuljaną PGmc *haldaną PGmc *wrappaną PGmc *stuppōaną PGmc *bilinnaną	end fulfill halt wrap up stop blin	finish complete discontinue terminate	fīnīre complēre dis- + continuāre
PGmc *ebnaz PGmc *flataz PGmc *smōþijaz PGmc *in + *līnǭ PGmc *līnǭ + *ūp PGmc *stadō + *-igaz	even flat smooth in line lined up steady	level planar equal	V.L. *lībellum < lībella L.L. plānāris < plānum aequālis < aequus
PGmc *faraną Middle Dutch trecken PGmc *gēną + *ana + *braiþaz PGmc *takaną + *trap- Old Norse rāfa Frankish *wala	fare trek go abroad take a trip rove gallivant	travel journey voyage	V.L. *trepaliāre V.L. *diurnāta viāticum
PGmc *fastuz PGmc *hraþa PGmc *snellaz PGmc *kwikwaz PGmc *swīpaną PGmc *spōdigaz, *spēdigaz	fast rathe, rather snell quick swift speedy	rapid	rapidus
PGmc *fadar + *likaz	fatherly fatherlike	paternal	paternus
WGmc *fōlijan PGmc *gawaraz PGmc *tukkaną, *takaną	feeling awareness touch	sentiment sensation	sensus, sentiō
PGmc *fullijaą + *up PGmc *stukkaz PGmc *niwjaną	fill up stock renew	replenish	re + plēnus
PGmc *furistaz PGmc *frumistaz PGmc *maginą	first foremost main	primary	prīmus
PGmc *floþuz PGmc *hwelbaną PGmc *ubersatjaną	flood overwhelm overset	inundate	inundāre < in + unda
PGmc *faihaz PGmc *fijandz	foe fiend	enemy adversary opponent	in + amīcus adversus oppōnēns
PGmc *fulgiją Old Norse traþk	follow track	ensue	in- + sequi
PGmc *formo- PGmc *airis- + *hwīlo PGmc *fure- + *gēnþjaz Old English hwīlum	former erstwhile foregoing, aforegoing whilom	previous preceding	praevius < prae- + via praecēdere < prae- + cēdere
PGmc *fur-*biudan PGmc *bannan- PGmc *fura- + *stallaz	forbid ban forestall	prohibit prevent interdict	prohibēre < pro + habēre praevenīre inter + dicere, dictus
PGmc *fura- + Old Norse kasta PGmc *ūt + *lōkōjanan	forecast outlook	projection	prōjectiō < prō + iacere
PGmc *fura + *taljanan PGmc *sanþaz + *sagjanan PGmc *fura- +*buþanan PGmc *fura- +*skadwōjanan	foretell soothsay forebode foreshadow	predict	praedīcere
PGmc *frijaz	freedom	liberty	lībertās < līber
PGmc *frijond + *likaz PGmc *gakundan + *līkaz PGmc *warmaz	friendly kindly warm	amicable	amīcus
Frankish *gardo, gardin- PGmc *garda WGmc *parruk Old English pund- Old English pearroc	garden yard park pound paddock	court enclosure	co- + hortus in- + claudere
PGmc *gadurojan PGmc *far- + *gadurojan PGmc *gadurojan + *ūp PGmc *kruppaz Old English clyster PGmc *lisanan	gather forgather gather up group cluster lease	assemble	ad + simul
PGmc *giftiz PGmc *sali-	gift handsel	present	prae- + essere
PGmc *geban PGmc *gafurþojan WGmc*frumjana	give afford furnish	provide	pro + vidēre
PGmc *glaþaz PGmc *bliþiz PGmc *fagaraz PGmc *murgijaz PGmc *wunjo-samaz PGmc *hapan PGmc *gliujan PGmc *þurilam (via Old English þyrel) PGmc *kwēmiaz	gladness bliss fairness merriment, mirth winsomeness happiness glee thrill queem	joy felicity pleasure delight	gaudium fēlīcitās placēre dēlēctāre
PGmc *guþan PGmc *guþan + *haiduz	god, goddess godhead	deity divine	deus dīvīnus
PGmc *gōdaz PGmc *welō(n) PGmc *hilpō + *fullaz PGmc *gagniz + *fullaz PGmc *hailaz + *samaz PGmc *werþan + *hwīlō	good well helpful gainful wholesome worthwhile	beneficial	beneficium
WGmc *gēnan + PGmc *an PGmc *wandjanan	go on wend	proceed	pro- + cedere
WGmc *grōnja- PGmc *laskaz	green lush	verdant	viridis
PGmc *getiskanan PGmc *faþmaz PGmc *swumto- Frankish *galgo	guess fathom sound gauge	estimate	aestimare
PGmc *harjaz + *berg PGmc *hafnaz	harbour haven	port	portus
PGmc *harþuz + *skapiz PGmc *uzdailjam	hardship ordeal	difficulty	difficultās
PGmc *hatojanan PGmc *laiþojanan PGmc *skarn- (Frankish *skern)	hate loathe scorn	detest	de- + testari
PGmc *hauhiþa PGmc *luftuz	height loftiness	altitude elevation	altitūdō (< altus)
PGmc *helpan PGmc *ūz- + *baitjanan (Frankish *bētan) PGmc *gebanan + *handuz PGmc *bī + *standanan PGmc *bī + *stadiz	help abet give a hand bestand bestead	assist	assistere < ad + sistere
WGmc *hannja	hen	pullet	pullus
PGmc *harjaz PGmc *fardíz	here ferd	army militia	ML. armāta mīlitia
PGmc *hulnis PGmc *bergaz PGmc *mundō PGmc *dūnō, dūnaz	hill barrow mound down, dune	mount	mōns, montis
PGmc *hailagaz + *dagaz WGmc *lauba PGmc *brekan WGmc *fur- + *lauba	holiday leave break furlough	vacation	vacātiō
PGmc *hailagaz PGmc *gahailagōiðaz	holy hallowed	sacred	sacrāre
PGmc *aujo + *landom PGmc *aujo PGmc *hulmaz	island ait, eyot holm	isle	insula
PGmc *hūsą (via Old English hūs)	house	domicile	house, home, dwelling
WGmc *jukkjan PGmc *wurkijanan (via Old Norse yrkja) WGmc *taisijanan WGmc *fur-etanan PGmc *grellanan	itch irk tease fret grill	irritate	irritāre
PGmc gakundiz Old English ilca PGmc *brandaz PGmc *brōd- PGmc *sat- PGmc *streun- Frankish *tīr PGmc *līkaz	kind ilk brand breed set strain tier like	type class sort genre	typus < Gk typos classis sors genera
PGmc *knoean PGmc *witanan PGmc *spehōjanan (Frankish *spehōn) PGmc *sputtōn PGmc *taljanan	know wit/wot espy spot tell	recognize	re + cognoscere
PGmc *lataz PGmc *latjanan	late delayed	tardy	tardus
PGmc *lagan (Old Norse lag) + *-fullaz PGmc *gastrahtaz PGmc *fagraz PGmc *rehtaz PGmc *gasundas PGmc *gamaitijaz PGmc *warjanan (Frankish *warand) PGmc *fittjanan	lawful straight fair right, rightful sound meet warranted fitting	legal legitimate, legit just proper	lēgālis M.L. lēgitimātus < lēgitimāre jūstus < jūs proprius
PGmc *laiþjan PGmc *kuningaz PGmc *haubuþan PGmc *biron PGmc *erloz PGmc *markō	leader king head baron earl marquis	chief captain emperor count duke prince president	caput imperator comes dux princeps praesidēns
PGmc *langiþo	length	longitude	longitūdō (< longus)
PGmc *legjan PGmc *rastjō, rastō PGmc *hlinojanan	lie (down) rest lean (back)	repose recline	re- + pausa re- + clinare
PGmc *lubo Middle English fond, fonned	loving fond	amorous	amōrōsus
PGmc *managaz PGmc *manigaz + *falþaz PGmc *rīfiz PGmc *taumijanþjaz	many manifold rife teeming	multiple numerous abundant copious	multi + plūs numerosus abundantem copiosus
PGmc *ga-makon PGmc *fittjanan PGmc *andswarōjanan + *tō	match fit answer to	correspond	con + respondēre
WGmc *mainijan PGmc *be- + *taiknjanan PGmc *standanan + *fura PGmc *ahtalōnan	mean betoken stand for ettle	intend signify	intendere significare
PGmc *motijan PGmc *hitjanan (Old Norse hitta)	meet hit	encounter	incontrāre < in + contrā
PGmc *medjaz + *dagaz	midday	noon	nona
Old Norse mistaka PGmc *blundaz (Old Norse blundra) PGmc *wrangiþō	mistake blunder wrength	error	error (< errāre)
PGmc *mōdar + *likaz	motherly	maternal	māternus
PGmc *nēhwaz PGmc *nēhwizáz	nigh near	close circa approximate	clausus circum + eā approximatus
PGmc *neujaz PGmc *friskaz PGmc *nū	new fresh now	novel modern	novus modernus
PGmc *naht + *likaz	nightly	nocturnal	nocturnus
PGmc *nurþrōnijaz	northern	septentrional	septentriōnēs
WGmc *alda PGmc *stal-, *sta- PGmc *aldizo + *līkaz PGmc *jǣron	old stale elderly of yore	ancient antediluvian	V.L. *anteanus < ante ante + diluvium
PGmc *anþaraz PGmc *aljaz	other else	different alternative	differre alterare
PGmc *ufnaz PGmc *herþaz PGmc *stubō PGmc *aistō PGmc *smiþjon	oven hearth stove oast smithy, smithery	kiln furnace	culina fornax
PGmc *raidō PGmc *wegaz PGmc *bulaz + *werkam PGmc *drībanan PGmc *paþaz PGmc *strātō	road way boulevard drive path street	route avenue itinerary	rupta itinerantem
PGmc *rutjan PGmc *be- + *fūljanan PGmc *be- + *fūlaz	rot defile befoul	putrefy	putrefacere
Old English sǣ	sea	ocean	ōceanus, from Greek Oceanus
PGmc *sehwan PGmc *kanjanan	see ken	perceive	per- + capere
Old Norse *sœma PGmc *lōkōjanan	seem look	appear	apparere
PGmc *seuþanan Middle English bublelen (Middle Low German bubeln)	seethe bubble	boil	bullīre
PGmc *selbaz + *haiduz PGmc *galīkaz + *-nassus PGmc *selbaz + *dōmaz	selfhood likeness selfdom	identity	L.L. identitās < idem et idem + -itās
PGmc *selbaz + *samaz	selfsame	identical	M.L. identicus + -al
PGmc *saljanan Old Saxon *trada PGmc *dailjanan + *in Frankish *borganjan	sell trade deal in bargain	vend	vendere < venum + dare
PGmc *skapjanan PGmc *buþlam (Old English bold) PGmc *ūt + *līniōn	shape build outline	form	forma
WGmc *skæpa PGmc *lambaz	sheep lamb	mutton	M.L. multō (< Celtic)
PGmc *skoppan	shop	store	instaurare
WGmc *skuttjan	shut	close	clausus
PGmc *skeuh(w)az	shy	timid	timidus
PGmc *sehwiþō PGmc *sehwanan PGmc *kannijanan	sight seeing ken	vision	vidēre/vīsum
PGmc *skaljo PGmc *krab-, kraf- PGmc *kunnanan PGmc *listiz	skill craft cunning list	art science	ars scientia
PGmc *skaljo + *fullaz PGmc *krab-, kraf- + *-igaz PGmc *gadaftjaz	skillful crafty deft	adept	adeptus < adipiscī
PGmc *slǣpanþiaz PGmc *slūmerianþiaz PGmc *īdalaz PGmc *falgō	sleeping slumbering idle fallow	dormant hibernate torpid	dormiēns hībernātus torpidus
PGmc *smæl PGmc *lūtilaz PGmc *tindaz Old English wēg, wǣge	small little tiny wee	minute petite diminutive	minūtus < minuere pitinnus diminutivus
PGmc *snakon PGmc *wurmiz	snake worm	serpent	serpens
PGmc *surgo PGmc *karō PGmc *wai	sorrow care woe	grief	OFr grever < L gravare < gravis
PGmc *sunþrōnijaz	southern	meridional	merīdiēs
PGmc *sprekanan PGmc *taljanan WGmc *prātana	speak talk prate, prattle	converse discourse communication dictation	con- + vertere dis- + currere communicare dictātiō
PGmc *stund- PGmc *tīmēn, tīma- PGmc *tīþiz PGmc *hwīlō Old English þrāg Old English spelian PGmc *stuntjanan	stound time tide while throw spell stint	hour moment interval	hōra < Gk hṓra mōmentum intervallum
PGmc *sundrigaz PGmc *miskjanan	sundry mixed	various miscellaneous	varius miscellus
PGmc *swīnam PGmc *farhaz PGmc *sugō WGmc *bairaz Old English picg- Old English hogg	swine farrow sow boar pig hog	pork	porcus
PGmc *taikijanan WGmc *skauwojanan PGmc *laizjanan	teach show lear, lere	educate	ēdūcāre < ēdūcere
PGmc *taljanan PGmc *kunþjanan PGmc *makojanan *(ga)knēwanaz	tell kithe make known	relate narrate	relatus < re- + ferre narrare
PGmc *þankjan PGmc *(ga)þāht- + *-fullaz PGmc *(ga)mentþijan + *-fullaz	thinking thoughtful mindful	pensive	pēnsāre
PGmc *(ga)þāhtan Early Modern English hinch PGmc *inkēn PGmc *kliwjo-	thought hunch inkling clue	idea	idea < Gk idea
PGmc *þreutanan PGmc *pleg- PGmc *fēraz	threat plight fear	danger peril menace	V.L. *dominarium < dominus periculum minaciae < minari
PGmc *taiknan PGmc *markō PGmc *hallō + *markō PGmc *huntōjanan PGmc *stampōjanan	token mark hallmark hint stamp	sign symbol trace indication	signum symbolum < Gk sýmbolon V.L. *tractiāre indicātiō
PGmc *tungon PGmc *sprǣkijō PGmc *talō	tongue speech talk	language	V.L. *linguaticum < L. lingua
PGmc *twinjaz PGmc *twai + PGmc *-falþaz PGmc *twī-	twin twofold twi-	double duplicate	duplus duplicātus < duplicāre < duplex
PGmc *under + *standan PGmc *getanan PGmc *graipisōn	understand get grasp	comprehend	comprehendere
PGmc *ūp- + *haldanan PGmc *bolhstraz PGmc *beranan + *up- PGmc *under + *gurþjanan PGmc *ūp + beranan WGmc skor- + up PGmc *stagaz (Frankish *staka)	uphold bolster bear up undergird upbear shore up stay	support	supportāre
PGmc *up- + *luftijan PGmc *raizjan	uplifting raising, rearing	elevating	ē- + levāre
PGmc *ūtizon PGmc *sagjanan	utter say	pronounce	pro- + nuntiare
PGmc *ūtizon WGmc *alnaz + *tō-gaduraz PGmc *fullīkō PGmc *hailaz +*līkō	utterly altogether fully wholly	totally	tōtālis
PGmc *wadjojan PGmc *mizdō, meidō PGmc *hūrja	wage meed hire	salary	salārium
PGmc *wakan PGmc *bīdanan Old English tergan PGmc *woenijanan	wait, await bide tarry ween	expect	ex + spectāre
WGmc *warnōjanan + *-unga PGmc *tupp- + *af-	warning tip off	notice alert recommendation admonition	nōtitia It all'erta < L ērigere M.L. recommendātiō admonitiō
PGmc *watskanan PGmc *klainisōn PGmc *hrainisōn PGmc *labōjanan PGmc *baðojanan PGmc *skrubbanan	wash cleanse rinse lave bathe scrub	launder	M.L. lavandāria < lavare
PGmc *wakan PGmc *kōpjanan PGmc *behaldanan	watch keep behold	observe supervise	ob + servāre super + videre
PGmc *wakanan PGmc *wakanþjaz PGmc *warō + *-igaz	watchful waking wary	vigilant	vigilāre
PGmc *wadjōjanan	wed	marry	marītāre
PGmc *wadjō + *laikaz	wedlock	marriage	V.L. *maritaticum
PGmc *wurdiz PGmc *framiþjaz PGmc *uzdaz PGmc *þwerhwaz PGmc *unkunþaz Old English ūtlendisc PGmc *alja- + *rīkjan PGmc *argaz PGmc *faigjáz	weird fremd odd queer uncouth outlandish eldritch eerie fey	strange	extrāneus
PGmc *weralþeilīkaz PGmc *erþō + *likaz	worldly earthly	mundane secular	L.L. mundānus < mundus saeculāris
PGmc *wopijanan PGmc *grētanan Old Norse baula Old Norse vǣla PGmc *hwīnanan PGmc *krītanan PGmc *murnanan PGmc *siubanan, *seubōnan, *subōjanan	weep greet (cry), regret bawl wail whine cry mourn sob	lament deplore	lāmentārī < lāmentum dēplōrāre < dē- + plōrāre
PGmc *gawehtiz + *-igaz WGmc *mainijanan + *-unga + *fullaz PGmc *ki- (Old English cǣġe)	weighty meaningful key	important grave	importāns gravis
PGmc *westrōnijaz PGmc *westrą + *līkaz PGmc *westrą + *warþaz	western westerly westward	occidental	occidere
PGmc *(ga)hailaz	whole	entire	integer
PGmc *wīdas PGmc *braiþiþō PGmc *spannō	width breadth span	latitude	latitūdō (< latus)
PGmc *wilþjiaz PGmc *faliz PGmc *grimmaz	wild fell grim	savage feral	silvaticus < silva fera
PGmc *wīsaz PGmc *klufraz PGmc *in + *gasihþ + *fullaz PGmc *in + *leuhtam PGmc *kōniz PGmc *knoeanan + *laikam PGmc *skreuwon	wise clever insightful enlightened keen knowledgeable shrewd	prudent intelligent sapient	prudēns < providēns intelligēns sapiēns
PGmc *wunskjan PGmc *weljanan PGmc *gernjanan PGmc *langojanan PGmc *lustuz PGmc *wana-, wanēn (Old Norse vanta)	wish will yearning longing lust want	desire cupidity	desiderāre cupiditās
Old English *wīfman + PGmc *likaz WGmc *gurilā + PGmc *-iskaz	womanly girlish	feminine	femininus
PGmc *widuz PGmc *hulto- PGmc *walþuz WGmc *busk PGmc *graibō PGmc *bruskaz PGmc *þekwatjan (Old English þiccet) PGmc *furhiþō (Old English fyrhþ) PGmc *skagjan	wood (a wood) holt weald/wold bush, boscage grove brush thicket frith shaw	forest copse, coppice	M.L. *foresta, partially < L.L. forestis; partially < Frankish *forhist V.L. *colpaticium
PGmc *wurdan + PGmc *bōkiz	wordbook	dictionary	dictiōnārium
PGmc *werkan PGmc *dreuganan PGmc *swinkanan	work drudge, drudgery swink	labor	labor
PGmc *wrītanan + *-unga PGmc *gawritan	writing writ	script	scrīptum < scrībere
PGmc *wurdiz PGmc *dōmaz	wyrd doom	fate destiny	fatum dēstināre
PGmc *jǣram + *likaz	yearly	annual	annalis
WGmc *gelwa	yellow	ochre	ochra < Gk ṓkhra
WGmc *jugunþiz + *fullaz PGmc *jungas	youthful young	juvenile immature	iuvenis immātūrus < in- + mātūrus
PGmc *juwunþiz PGmc *tehuniz + *haiduz	youth teenhood	adolescence	adolescere < ad- + alescere

* reconstructed form

Noun/adjective doublets

In particular, the use of Latinate words in the sciences gives us pairs with a native Germanic noun and a Latinate (or Ancient Greek-derived) adjective:

• animals: ant/formic, ape/simian, bear/ursine, bee/apian, bird/avian, butterfly/papilionaceous, carp/cyprine, cat/feline, chicken/gallinaceous, cod/gadoid, cow/bovine, crow/corvine, deer/cervine, dog/canine, duck/anatine, fish/piscine, fox/vulpine, goat/caprine, goose/anserine, hare/leporine, horse/equine, mew/larine, mouse (or rat)/murine, pig/porcine, rabbit/cunicular, reindeer/rangiferine, sheep/ovine, snake/anguine, spider/arachnid, starling/sturnine, swan/cygnine or cygnean, wasp/vespine, whale/cetacean, wolf/lupine, worm/vermian, man/human or hominid (gender specific: man/masculine, woman/feminine).
• physiology: arm/brachial, blood/sanguine, bone/osteotic, brain/cerebral, chest/pectoral, ear/aural, eye/ocular or visual, finger/digital, foot/pedal, hair/pilar, hand/manual, head/capital, heart/cardial, kidney/renal, leg/crural, lips/labial, liver/hepatic, lung/pulmonary, mind/mental, mouth/oral, nail/ungual, neck/cervical, nipple/papillary, sole of the foot/plantar, tongue/lingual, tooth/dental.
• astronomy: earth/terrestrial, moon/lunar, star/stellar, sun/solar.
• sociology: brother/fraternal, father/paternal, mother/maternal, sister/sororal, son or daughter/filial, wife/uxorial.
• other: bell/tintinnabulary, boat/naval, book/literary, door/portal, earl/comital, edge/marginal, fighter/military, fire/igneous, house/domestic, ice/glacial, king/regal, light/optical, marsh/paludal, sight/visual, sword/gladiate, town/urban, tree/arboreal, water/aquatic, wind/vental.

See also

• Collateral adjective
• List of collateral adjectives (Wiktionary)
• Lists of English loanwords by country or language of origin
• List of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations
• List of English words of French origin
• List of English Latinates of Germanic origin
• Latin influence in English
• Changes to Old English vocabulary
• Anglish

Sources

• Online Etymology Dictionary
• Merriam-Webster Online
• Dictionary of Etymology: the Origins of American English Words. Robert K. Barnhart. ISBN 0-06-270084-7