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娘
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
娘 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女戈日女 (VIAV), four-corner 43432, composition ⿰女良)
Derived characters
- 𭉻, 𦷄, 𬏒
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 262, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6304
- Dae Jaweon: page 529, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1054, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5A18
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *naŋ): semantic 女 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
Etymology 1
Not attested in pre-Tang texts. It may ultimately have been a fusion of 女郎 (MC nrjoX lang, “lady”) (Coblin, 1994).
Alternatively, from 女 (OC *naʔ, “woman”) with an attached suffix *-ŋ also found in 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ, “I for my part”) as against 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) (Sagart, 1999: 134). However, evidence for this suffix is sparse; Sagart only adduces these two pairs of words.
As yet another suggestion, it may be a loan from Old Turkic anaŋ (“your mother”), from Proto-Turkic *ana ~ *eńe (“mother”) (whence Turkish ana and Uyghur ئانا (ana)) and *-iŋ (“second person singular possessive suffix”), (Vovin and McCraw, 2011).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiang2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нён (ni͡on, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): noeng4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): niang3
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyiong4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): nion1 / nion3
- Northern Min (KCR): niông / niǒng
- Eastern Min (BUC): nòng / niòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6gnian / 2gnian
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyian2
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): nian2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: niáng
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: niáng
- Wade–Giles: niang2
- Yale: nyáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niang
- Palladius: нян (njan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niang
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲiaŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нён (ni͡on, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /niɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: noeng4
- Yale: nèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: noeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: nêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nœːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: niang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdiaŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyiong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiòng
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiong2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiong
- Sinological IPA: /ŋioŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: nion1 / nion3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /niɒ̃¹¹/, /niɒ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niông / niǒng
- Sinological IPA (key): /niɔŋ³³/, /niɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nòng / niòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡouŋ⁵³/, /nˡuoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- nòng - vernacular;
- niòng - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
- (Hokkien: Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niâu
- Tâi-lô: niâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: niaau
- IPA (Penang): /niau²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
- Tâi-lô: liông
- Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
- Tâi-lô: liâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/
- niû/niô͘/niâu - vernacular;
- niâ - vernacular (“mother”);
- liông/liâng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nion5 / niên5 / niang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niôⁿ / niêⁿ / niâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /nĩẽ⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- nion5 - vernacular (Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping);
- niên5 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Chenghai, Bangkok);
- niang5 - literary.
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: nyian2
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: nian2
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nrjang
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*naŋ/
Definitions
娘
- woman, especially a young girl
- 姑娘 ― gūniang ― girl
- 江邊黃竹子，
- From: 〈黄竹子歌〉 "Song of the Yellow Bamboo" in 《樂府詩集》 "Collected songs of the Music Bureau style" by 郭茂倩 Guo Maoqian. Translated by Li Wai-yee (2014)
- Jiāngbiān huáng zhúzǐ,
Kān zuò nǚ'ér xiāng.
Yī chuán shǐ liǎng jiǎng,
Dé niáng huán gùxiāng. [Pinyin] - The yellow bamboo by the river,
Can be made into a maiden's basket.
One boat with two oars:
Get the lady and return home.
堪作女兒箱。
一船使兩槳，
得娘還故鄉。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
江边黄竹子，
堪作女儿箱。
一船使两桨，
得娘还故乡。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- (colloquial) mother; ma
- wife of another person
- elderly lady
- (religion) "The Lady" (an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖 / 妈祖 (Māzǔ))
- 天后宮位於澎湖縣馬公市正義街上，俗稱「天妃宮」、「媽祖宮」，在明代稱為「娘宮」、「媽娘宮」、「娘媽宮」「媽宮」等 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2013?, "澎湖天后宫 (Penghu Tianhou Temple), 蚂蜂窝 (Mafengwo)
- Tiānhòu Gōng wèiyú Pénghú Xiàn Mǎgōng Shì Zhèngyì Jiē shàng, súchēng “Tiānfēi Gōng”, “Māzǔ Gōng”, zài Míngdài chēngwéi “Niáng Gōng”, “Māniáng Gōng”, “Niángmā Gōng” “Mā Gōng” děng [Pinyin]
- The Tianhou Temple located on Zhengyi Street, Magong City, Penghu County, commonly known as the “Tianfei Temple” or the “Mazu Temple”, known as “Niang Temple”, “Maninang Temple”, “Niangma Temple”, etc. during the Ming dynasty
天后宫位于澎湖县马公市正义街上，俗称「天妃宫」、「妈祖宫」，在明代称为「娘宫」、「妈娘宫」、「娘妈宫」「妈宫」等 [MSC, simp.]
- (usually derogatory, of a man or a boy) girly; effeminate; feminine
- 為什麼「臺北國語」會導致臺灣腔變「娘」？首先是外省人的出身。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2019 March 26, 郑子宁 (Zhen Zining), 《台湾腔为什么这么“娘”》, in 《国防时报》, page 21
- Wèishénme “Táiběi guóyǔ” huì dǎozhì táiwānqiāng biàn “niáng”? Shǒuxiān shì wàishěngrén de chūshēn. [Pinyin]
- Why does "Taipei Mandarin" cause the Taiwanese accent to be "girly"? First, it is the background of the waishengren.
为什么「台北国语」会导致台湾腔变「娘」？首先是外省人的出身。 [MSC, simp.]
- (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 娘 (MC nrjang)
Usage notes
Synonyms
- (mum):
Compounds
- 丁娘十索
- 七娘媽 / 七娘妈
- 三娘教子
- 丈母娘
- 乾娘 / 干娘 (gānniáng)
- 二娘
- 二娘子
- 些娘大
- 伯娘 (bóniáng)
- 伴娘 (bànniáng)
- 偷婆娘
- 兩娘女 / 两娘女
- 公孫大娘 / 公孙大娘
- 再長爹娘 / 再长爹娘
- 出娘胎
- 出自娘胎
- 半老徐娘 (bànlǎoxúniáng)
- 可喜娘
- 可憎娘
- 喜娘 (xǐniáng)
- 回娘家 (huí niángjiā)
- 堂分姑娘
- 夜度娘
- 大姑娘 (dàgūniang)
- 大娘 (dàniáng)
- 大娘子
- 大腳婆娘 / 大脚婆娘
- 夫娘 (fūniáng)
- 女娘 (nǚniáng)
- 奶娘 (nǎiniáng)
- 姑娘
- 姑娘兒 / 姑娘儿 (gūniangr)
- 姑娘家
- 姑娘氣 / 姑娘气
- 姨娘 (yíniáng)
- 娘兒 / 娘儿
- 娘兒們 / 娘儿们 (niángrmen)
- 娘姨
- 娘娘 (niángniang)
- 娘娘腔 (niángniangqiāng)
- 娘婆
- 娘媽 / 娘妈 (Niángmā)
- 娘子 (niángzǐ)
- 娘子軍 / 娘子军 (niángzǐjūn)
- 娘子關 / 娘子关
- 娘家 (niángjiā)
- 娘母子
- 娘泡 (niángpào)
- 娘炮 (niángpào)
- 娘的
- 娘砲 / 娘炮 (niángpào)
- 娘老子 (niánglǎozi)
- 娘胎 (niángtāi)
- 娘舅
- 娘親 / 娘亲 (niángqīn)
- 婆娘 (póniáng)
- 婆娘子
- 媽娘 / 妈娘 (Māniáng)
- 嬌娘 / 娇娘
- 嬸娘 / 婶娘 (shěnniáng)
- 小姑娘 (xiǎogūniang)
- 小娘 (xiǎoniáng)
- 小娘子
- 師娘 / 师娘 (shīniáng)
- 廚娘 / 厨娘 (chúniáng)
- 後娘 / 后娘 (hòuniáng)
- 徐娘 (xúniáng)
- 徐娘半老 (xúniángbànlǎo)
- 掃晴娘 / 扫晴娘
- 新娘 (xīnniáng)
- 新娘子 (xīnniángzi)
- 新娘花
- 新娘車 / 新娘车
- 新嫁娘
- 晚娘 (wǎnniáng)
- 晚娘面孔
- 月宮娘娘 / 月宫娘娘
- 末娘
- 李三娘
- 梅花小娘
- 正頭娘子 / 正头娘子
- 歹婆娘
- 泰國新娘 / 泰国新娘
- 波娘
- 泰山娘娘
- 漁娘 / 渔娘
- 灰姑娘 (Huīgūniang)
- 爹娘 (diēniáng)
- 爺娘 / 爷娘 (yéniáng)
- 爺羹娘飯 / 爷羹娘饭
- 爺飯娘羹 / 爷饭娘羹
- 牧師娘 / 牧师娘
- 王母娘娘 (Wángmǔ Niángniang)
- 痘疹娘娘
- 白娘子
- 百花娘子
- 看麥娘 / 看麦娘
- 祭東施娘 / 祭东施娘
- 秋娘
- 管家娘子
- 紅姑娘 / 红姑娘 (hónggūniang)
- 紅娘 / 红娘 (hóngniáng)
- 紡織娘 / 纺织娘 (fǎngzhīniáng)
- 細娘 / 细娘
- 織布娘 / 织布娘
- 美嬌娘 / 美娇娘
- 老大娘 (lǎodàniáng)
- 老姑娘 (lǎogūniang)
- 老娘
- 老娘兒 / 老娘儿
- 老婆娘
- 老闆娘 / 老板娘 (lǎobǎnniáng)
- 花娘 (huāniáng)
- 花魁娘子
- 蕭娘 / 萧娘
- 親娘 / 亲娘
- 註生娘娘 / 注生娘娘
- 豆姑娘
- 豆娘 (dòuniáng)
- 豆娘子
- 趙五娘 / 赵五娘
- 酒娘子
- 重生爺娘 / 重生爷娘
- 針線娘 / 针线娘
- 鐵娘子 / 铁娘子 (tiěniángzǐ)
- 阿娘 (āniáng)
- 陳三五娘 / 陈三五娘
- 離娘飯 / 离娘饭
- 韋娘 / 韦娘
- 頭家娘 / 头家娘
- 養娘 / 养娘
- 養婆娘 / 养婆娘
- 馬頭娘 / 马头娘
- 駕娘 / 驾娘
- 麼娘 / 么娘
Descendants
Others:
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: loeng1
- Yale: lēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: loeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: lêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /lœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
娘
- (Cantonese) old-fashioned
- 2016 February 16, 劉嘉寧, quoting 嚴勵行 [Johnny Yim], “Johnny Yim 如果命運能選擇……”, in 星島日報 [Sing Tao Daily], page 11:
- 我發現中間有斷層，很多詩歌都是以前的製作人編寫的，現在沒有人去做，要唱亦只能唱上一代的廣東話詩歌，令人覺得很『娘』、很脱節。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- ngo5 faat3 jin6 zung1 gaan1 jau5 dyun6 cang4, han2 do1 si1 go1 dou1 si6 ji5 cin4 dik1 zai3 zok3 jan4 pin1 se2 dik1, jin6 zoi6 mut6 jau5 jan4 heoi3 zou6, jiu3 coeng3 jik6 zi2 nang4 coeng3 soeng6 jat1 doi6 dik1 gwong2 dung1 waa6-2 si1 go1, ling6 jan4 gok3 dak1 han2 ‘loeng1’, han2 tyut3 zit3. [Jyutping]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
我发现中间有断层，很多诗歌都是以前的制作人编写的，现在没有人去做，要唱亦只能唱上一代的广东话诗歌，令人觉得很『娘』、很脱节。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
Compounds
- 娘炳
References
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