如果

Chinese

		as (if); such as	result
trad. (如果)		如	果
simp. #(如果)		如	果
alternative forms		如估 (jyu4 gu2) Cantonese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rúguǒ

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ gwo² / jyu⁴ gu²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yì-kó

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yi² guo³

• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀-guō
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zy² gor³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lû-kó / lû-kó͘ / lîr-kó͘ / jû-kó / jî-kó

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ gua² / ru⁵ guan²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zy-ku₅; ⁶lu-ku₅

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rúguǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rúguǒ
    • Wade–Giles: ju²-kuo³
    • Yale: rú-gwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruguoo
    • Palladius: жуго (žugo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ gwo² / jyu⁴ gu²
    • Yale: yùh gwó / yùh gú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ gwo² / jy⁴ gu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ guo² / yu⁴ gu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ kʷɔː³⁵/, /jyː²¹ kuː³⁵/

Note: jyu4 gu2 - possibly from dialectal influence.

• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ go^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi² go³
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ ko³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ go^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi² go³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ ko³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yi² guo³
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ kuo³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀-guō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵³⁻³³ ^(k-)uo³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zy² gor³ [Phonetic: zy⁵ gor³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cṳ́-gô̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy¹³⁻¹¹ kɒ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zy² gor³ [Phonetic: zy⁵ gor³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy²⁴⁻²¹ kɒ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-kó
    • Tâi-lô: lû-kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lu'koir
    • IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lu²⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: lû-kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lu'kor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lu²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîr-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: lîr-kóo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-kó
    • Tâi-lô: jû-kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ju'koir
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu¹³⁻²² ko⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-kó
    • Tâi-lô: jî-kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ji'koir
    • IPA (Yilan): /d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ru⁵ gua² / ru⁵ guan²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû kuá / jû kuáⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kua⁵²/, /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kũã⁵²/

Note: ru5 gua2 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zy-ku₅; ⁶lu-ku₅
    • MiniDict: zy^去 ku^去; lu^去 ku^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr-ku₂; ³lu-ku₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² ku⁴⁴/, /lu²² ku⁴⁴/

Note: ⁶lu-ku - young peoples' speech, often proscribed.

Conjunction

如果

1. if

   如果天氣允許的話 [MSC, trad.]
   如果天气允许的话 [MSC, simp.]

   rúguǒ tiānqì yǔnxǔ dehuà [Pinyin]

   if the weather permits

   如果一件事情好到不像是真的，多半不是真的。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Rúguǒ yī jiàn shìqíng hǎo dào bù xiàng shì zhēn de, duōbàn bù shì zhēn de. [Pinyin]

   If something sounds too good to be true it probably is.

   如果你明天想上哪兒去，就跟我說一聲。 [MSC, trad.]
   如果你明天想上哪儿去，就跟我说一声。 [MSC, simp.]

   Rúguǒ nǐ míngtiān xiǎng shàng nǎr qù, jiù gēn wǒ shuō yīshēng. [Pinyin]

   If you think of going anywhere tomorrow, let me know.

Synonyms

• (colloquial) 比方 (bǐfang)

Dialectal synonyms of 如果 (“if”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		若, 假, 如, 使, 令, 苟, 向, 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, 誠, 誠使, 倘, 儻, 當使
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		若, 如, 如果, 若果, 果若, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令, 設或, 設
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	要是, 要
	Taiwan	要是, 要, 如果
	Malaysia	如果
	Singapore	如果
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	要是
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	要是
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	要是, 假比
	Wuhan	要是
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	要是, 要, 假使
	Hefei	要是, 倘此, 倘倘
Cantonese	Guangzhou	如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間
	Hong Kong	如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間, 假如
	Macau	假如
	Taishan	如果, 若果, 假使
	Kaiping (Chikan)	若果
	Yangjiang	設若
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	如果
	Singapore (Guangfu)	如果
Gan	Nanchang	要是, 若是
	Lichuan	假使
Hakka	Meixian	係話, 若係, 如果
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	若果, 係講, 係話
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	係講, 若係, 假使
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	係講, 若係, 假使
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	係講, 若係, 假使
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係
	Kuching (Hepo)	假使
Jin	Taiyuan	要是
Northern Min	Jian'ou	來是, 如果
	Pucheng (Shibei)	來是, 如果
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	儷是, 若還
Southern Min	Xiamen	設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是
	Quanzhou	設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是
	Zhangzhou	設使, 若是, 若, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是
	Tainan	若是, 若準, 若, 假使, 設使
	Penang (Hokkien)	若是, 若準
	Singapore (Hokkien)	若是
	Manila (Hokkien)	若是, 若, 假使
	Chaozhou	若是
	Shantou	如果
	Jieyang	若, 若是
	Singapore (Teochew)	若是
	Wenchang	但見, 欲
	Haikou	麼是, 設如, 設使
Wu	Shanghai	要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得
	Suzhou	要, 如果
	Wenzhou	若是, 若
Xiang	Changsha	要是
	Shuangfeng	要是, 要此

Derived terms

• 如果說 / 如果说 (rúguǒshuō)