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若
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Translingual
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Japanese | |||
Han character
若 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿大口 (TKR), four-corner 44604, composition ⿱艹右)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1023, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30796
- Dae Jaweon: page 1482, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3187, character 7
- Unihan data for U+82E5
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – a person combing their hair; obedient.
Later 口 was added and the original component came to be written 叒.
Etymology 1
- “you; your”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).
- "like this; such; if"
- Derived from 如 (OC *nja, *njas) with distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 諾 (OC *naːɡ, “to agree; to say yes”).
- "that"
- Cognate with 那 (nà, “that”), 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “that”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): joek6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): na / ngiâ / yo̍k
- Eastern Min (BUC): nâ / iŏk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
- Wade–Giles: jo4
- Yale: rwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
- Palladius: жо (žo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: joek6
- Yale: yeuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek9
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: na / ngiâ / yo̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: na / ngiaˊ / iog
- Hagfa Pinyim: na4 / ngia1 / yog6
- Sinological IPA: /na⁵⁵/, /ŋi̯a²⁴/, /i̯ok̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: na / ngiâ / yo̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: na / ngiaˊ / (r)iog
- Hagfa Pinyim: na4 / ngia1 / yog6
- Sinological IPA: /na⁵⁵/, /ŋi̯a²⁴/, /(j)i̯ok̚⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note:
- na - vernacular (“if”);
- ngiâ - vernacular (“your");
- yo̍k - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nâ / iŏk
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡɑ²⁴²/, /yoʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- nâ - vernacular (“if”);
- iŏk - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǎ
- Tâi-lô: nǎ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /nã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
- Tâi-lô: lio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: liok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jio̍k
- Tâi-lô: jio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiok
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jia̍k
- Tâi-lô: jia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiak
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziak̚¹²¹/
- ná - vernacular (“like; as if”);
- nā/nǎ - vernacular (“if”);
- lio̍k/jio̍k/jia̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: riag8 / riêh8 / rioh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jia̍k / jie̍h / jio̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ziak̚⁴/, /d͡zieʔ⁴/, /d͡zioʔ⁴/
- (Teochew)
- riag8 - literary (“if; like; as if”);
- riêh8/rioh8 - vernacular (dialectal usage - "how much", "so") (riêh8 - Chaozhou).
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nyak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*njaɡ/
Definitions
若
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be obedient to; compliant
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to trim vegetables
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to choose
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) you; your
- 既使我與若辯矣，若勝我，我不若勝，若果是也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Jì shǐ wǒ yǔ ruò biàn yǐ, ruò shèng wǒ, wǒ bù ruò shèng, ruò guǒ shì yě? [Pinyin]
- If you and I debate, you defeat me and I cannot defeat you, are you really correct?
既使我与若辩矣，若胜我，我不若胜，若果是也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) he; his
- like; as if
- 讀若闌。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2nd century CE
- Dú ruò lán. [Pinyin]
- Read as "闌 / 阑 (lán)".
读若阑。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- if; supposing; assuming
- in this way
- (Chinese mythology) Ruo, mythological divine being of the northern seas
- 於是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而歎。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yúshì yān Hé Bó shǐ xuán qí miànmù, wàng yáng xiàng Ruò ér tàn. [Pinyin]
- Then He Bo began to turn his face round, looked across the expanse, as if he were confronting Ruo, and sighed.
于是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而叹。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]- 使湘靈鼓瑟兮，令海若舞馮夷。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
- Shǐ Xiāng líng gǔ sè xī, lìng hǎi Ruò wǔ Féng Yí. [Pinyin]
- I invite the Genius of River Xiang to play the se, and the oceanic Ruo to dance with Feng Yi of the Yellow River.
使湘灵鼓瑟兮，令海若舞冯夷。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- Pollia japonica
- a surname
Synonyms
- (like):
- 不啻 (bùchì) (literary)
- 似 (ci5) (Cantonese, Classical Chinese)
- 似乎 (sìhū)
- 似如 (si4 y2) (Xiang)
- 像 (xiàng)
- 像係 / 像系 (Hakka)
- 像是 (xiàngshì)
- 儼如 / 俨如 (yǎnrú) (literary)
- 儼然 / 俨然 (yǎnrán)
- 儼若 / 俨若 (yǎnruò) (literary)
- 勝如 / 胜如 (5sen-zy) (Wu)
- 好似 (hǎosì)
- 好像 (hǎoxiàng)
- 如同 (rútóng)
- 好比 (hǎobǐ)
- 宛 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
- 宛如 (wǎnrú) (literary)
- 宛然 (wǎnrán) (literary)
- 宛若 (wǎnruò) (literary)
- 就像 (jiùxiàng)
- 彷彿 / 仿佛 (fǎngfú)
- 忽如 (hūrú) (literary)
- 恰像 (Hokkien)
- 恍若 (huǎngruò)
- 恰親像 / 恰亲像 (Hokkien)
- 敢若 (Hokkien)
- 敢若是 (Hokkien)
- 𣍐輸 / 𫧃输 (bē-su) (Hokkien)
- 有如 (yǒurú) (formal)
- 猶似 / 犹似 (yóusì) (literary)
- 猶像 / 犹像 (yóuxiàng) (literary)
- 猶如 / 犹如 (yóurú) (formal)
- 甲像 (Hokkien)
- 甲像是 (Hokkien)
- 甲親像 / 甲亲像 (Hokkien)
- 看上去 (kàn shàngqù)
- 看似 (kànsì)
- 看來 / 看来 (kànlái)
- 看樣子 / 看样子 (kànyàngzi)
- 看起來 / 看起来 (kànqilai)
- 若像 (Hokkien)
- 若親像 / 若亲像 (Hokkien)
- 表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
- 親像 / 亲像 (Hakka, Hokkien)
- 象 (xiàng)
- 貌似 (màosì)
- 賽可 / 赛可 (Ningbonese)
- 賽過 / 赛过 (Suzhounese)
- 較像 / 较像 (Hokkien)
- 較像是 / 较像是 (Hokkien)
- 較親像 / 较亲像 (Hokkien)
- 顯得 / 显得 (xiǎnde)
Compounds
- 不絕若線 / 不绝若线
- 不若 (bùruò)
- 乃若
- 何若
- 便假若
- 倘若 (tǎngruò)
- 假若 (jiǎruò)
- 傍若無人 / 傍若无人 (pángruòwúrén)
- 傲睨自若
- 儻若 / 傥若
- 其應若響 / 其应若响
- 冷若冰霜
- 判若兩人 / 判若两人 (pànruòliǎngrén)
- 判若天淵 / 判若天渊 (pànruòtiānyuān)
- 判若雲泥 / 判若云泥
- 判若鴻溝 / 判若鸿沟
- 勢若摧枯 / 势若摧枯
- 印纍綬若 / 印累绶若
- 危若朝露
- 受寵若驚 / 受宠若惊 (shòuchǒngruòjīng)
- 口若懸河 / 口若悬河 (kǒuruòxuánhé)
- 合契若神
- 呆若木雞 / 呆若木鸡 (dāiruòmùjī)
- 命若懸絲 / 命若悬丝
- 噤若寒蟬 / 噤若寒蝉 (jìnruòhánchán)
- 固若金湯 / 固若金汤 (gùruòjīntāng)
- 地若瓜分
- 夕惕若厲 / 夕惕若厉
- 大勇若怯
- 大喜若狂
- 大巧若拙
- 大智若愚 (dàzhìruòyú)
- 大直若屈
- 大辯若訥 / 大辩若讷
- 奉若神明 (fèngruòshénmíng)
- 契若金蘭 / 契若金兰
- 奚若
- 好若
- 始終若一 / 始终若一
- 嫉惡若仇 / 嫉恶若仇
- 嬌若春花 / 娇若春花
- 孰若
- 安之若命
- 安之若素 (ānzhīruòsù)
- 安若泰山
- 守身若玉
- 宛若 (wǎnruò)
- 宛若游龍 / 宛若游龙
- 寂若死灰
- 寂若無人 / 寂若无人
- 寥若晨星 (liáoruòchénxīng)
- 寵辱若驚 / 宠辱若惊
- 寸陰若歲 / 寸阴若岁
- 少成若性
- 巧若生成
- 幽若
- 幾若 / 几若 (kúi-nā)
- 從善若流 / 从善若流
- 從容自若 / 从容自若
- 心若死灰
- 必若
- 思若湧泉 / 思若涌泉
- 恍若 (huǎngruò)
- 恆若不足 / 恒若不足
- 恍若隔世
- 惘然若失 (wǎngránruòshī)
- 悵然若失 / 怅然若失 (chàngránruòshī)
- 情若手足
- 惘若有失
- 愛才若渴 / 爱才若渴
- 意氣自若 / 意气自若
- 慎終若始 / 慎终若始
- 憂心若醉 / 忧心若醉
- 懸若日月 / 悬若日月
- 指揮若定 / 指挥若定 (zhǐhuīruòdìng)
- 揚揚自若 / 扬扬自若
- 敬若神明
- 料敵若神 / 料敌若神
- 料遠若近 / 料远若近
- 旁若無人 / 旁若无人 (pángruòwúrén)
- 明若觀火 / 明若观火 (míngruòguānhuǒ)
- 昭然若揭 (zhāoránruòjiē)
- 曠若發矇 / 旷若发蒙
- 曠若發蒙 / 旷若发蒙
- 未若
- 杜若 (dùruò)
- 果若
- 棄若敝屣 / 弃若敝屣 (qìruòbìxǐ)
- 欣喜若狂 (xīnxǐruòkuáng)
- 歡喜若狂 / 欢喜若狂 (huānxǐruòkuáng)
- 歡欣若狂 / 欢欣若狂
- 歡若平生 / 欢若平生
- 歸之若水 / 归之若水
- 氣若游絲 / 气若游丝
- 求才若渴
- 求賢若渴 / 求贤若渴
- 泰山若厲 / 泰山若厉
- 泰然自若 (tàiránzìruò)
- 洞若觀火 / 洞若观火 (dòngruòguānhuǒ)
- 浮生若夢 / 浮生若梦 (fúshēngruòmèng)
- 浮生若寄
- 海若
- 深藏若虛 / 深藏若虚
- 瀟灑自若 / 潇洒自若
- 炳若日星
- 爛若披錦 / 烂若披锦
- 爽然若失 (shuǎngránruòshī)
- 狗彘不若 (gǒuzhìbùruò)
- 猶若 / 犹若
- 甘之若素
- 甘之若飴 / 甘之若饴
- 疾之若仇
- 疾惡若仇 / 疾恶若仇
- 目若懸珠 / 目若悬珠
- 目若朗星
- 目若無人 / 目若无人
- 相若 (xiāngruò)
- 眼若流星 (yǎnruòliúxīng)
- 眼若點漆 / 眼若点漆
- 瞭若指掌 / 了若指掌
- 矯若遊龍 / 矫若游龙
- 矯若驚龍 / 矫若惊龙
- 神態自若 / 神态自若
- 神色自若
- 視死若歸 / 视死若归
- 視若兒戲 / 视若儿戏
- 視若無物 / 视若无物
- 視若無睹 / 视若无睹 (shìruòwúdǔ)
- 視若草芥 / 视若草芥
- 視險若夷 / 视险若夷 (shìxiǎnruòyí)
- 粵若稽古 / 粤若稽古
- 紛若 / 纷若
- 置若罔聞 / 置若罔闻 (zhìruòwǎngwén)
- 翩若驚鴻 / 翩若惊鸿
- 背若芒刺
- 脣若塗硃 / 唇若涂朱
- 脣若塗脂 / 唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
- 脣若抹硃 / 唇若抹朱
- 脣若施脂 / 唇若施脂
- 自若 (zìruò)
- 至若 (zhìruò)
- 舉國若狂 / 举国若狂
- 舉重若輕 / 举重若轻 (jǔzhòngruòqīng)
- 色若死灰
- 芷若
- 若克雅 (Ruòkèyǎ)
- 若干
- 若榴 (ruòliú)
- 若準 / 若准 (nā-chún)
- 若無 / 若无 (nā-bô)
- 若羌 (Ruòqiāng)
- 茫然若失 (mángránruòshī)
- 茫然若迷
- 茝若
- 莫若 (mòruò)
- 蕙若
- 虛懷若谷 / 虚怀若谷 (xūhuáiruògǔ)
- 蠢若木雞 / 蠢若木鸡
- 行若無事 / 行若无事 (xíngruòwúshì)
- 行若狗彘 (xíngruògǒuzhì)
- 被寵若驚 / 被宠若惊
- 言事若神
- 言笑自若
- 言若懸河 / 言若悬河
- 言行若一
- 設若 / 设若 (shèruò)
- 談笑自若 / 谈笑自若 (tánxiào zìruò)
- 讀若 / 读若 (dúruò)
- 越若
- 趨之若鶩 / 趋之若鹜 (qūzhīruòwù)
- 軒昂自若 / 轩昂自若
- 較若畫一 / 较若画一
- 邈若山河
- 門庭若市 / 门庭若市 (méntíngruòshì)
- 隱若敵國 / 隐若敌国
- 難若登天 / 难若登天 (nánruòdēngtiān)
- 雨暘時若 / 雨旸时若
- 面若春花
- 顜若畫一 / 𱂴若画一
- 風雨時若 / 风雨时若
- 飄若神仙 / 飘若神仙
- 鬢若刀裁 / 鬓若刀裁
- 鬢若堆鴉 / 鬓若堆鸦
- 齒若編貝 / 齿若编贝
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: rě
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rě
- Wade–Giles: jê3
- Yale: rě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ree
- Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: je5
- Yale: yéh
- Cantonese Pinyin: je5
- Guangdong Romanization: yé5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiâ
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngia1
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯a²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: nyaeX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*njaʔ/
Definitions
若
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) hay; dried grass
- Used in compounds.
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ré
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ré
- Wade–Giles: jê2
- Yale: ré
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: re
- Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: nyae
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*nja/
Definitions
若
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Eastern Min (BUC): niŏh
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): riêh8 / rioh8
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: niŏh
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡuoʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: riêh8 / rioh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jie̍h / jio̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zieʔ⁴/, /d͡zioʔ⁴/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
若
Synonyms
Compounds
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lōa / lǒa / gōa / jōa
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōa
- Tâi-lô: luā
- Phofsit Daibuun: loa
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lua³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lua²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǒa
- Tâi-lô: luǎ
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /lua³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lua²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa
- Tâi-lô: guā
- Phofsit Daibuun: goa
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jōa
- Tâi-lô: juā
- Phofsit Daibuun: joa
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /zua³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
Definitions
若
Further reading
- “若”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
References
- “若”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
Kanji
若
Readings
Compounds
Pronunciation
Noun
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 若 (MC nyak).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᅀᅣᆨ〮 (Yale: zyák) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 약 (yak)訓 (Yale: yak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [약]
Hanja
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 若 (MC nyaeX).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᅀᅣᆼ〯 (Yale: zyǎ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [야]
Hanja
Compounds
References
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Vietnamese
Han character
若: Hán Nôm readings: nhược, nhã
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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