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歲

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 歳, 岁, 亗, and 嵗
歲 U+6B72, 歲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B72
← 歱
[U+6B71] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歳 →
[U+6B73]
歲 U+2F8F3, 歲
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F3
← 㱎
[U+2F8F2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 殟 →
[U+2F8F4]

Translingual

More information Traditional, Shinjitai ...

Han character

歲 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜一戈竹竹 (YMIHH), four-corner 21253, composition ⿱止⿵戌𣥂)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𬿳, 𢕺, 𭢴, 𣩪, 𦅵, 𮕃, 𢆫, 𧬨, 𧴖, 𧸗, 𣦮, 𱉁, 𪒩
  • 𢒱, 𨞣, 𣤠, 𣦦, 𣦧/𣦬, 𬆎, 𮭘, 𦡖, 𣦫, 𤻀, 𣦭

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 577, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16326
  • Dae Jaweon: page 967, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1443, character 20
  • Unihan data for U+6B72
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 歲, Shang ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (歲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad): semantic 步 + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad) to indicate the passing of time as "movement". Hence, the original version was close to 𢧁. In addition to 戉, various components such as 月 (“moon; month”) used to be present, sometimes as simple as two dots.

The current form derives from the Qin-style handwriting of the late Warring States (with a full-width 止 on the top and a bottom-left 撇 stroke extending outward as in 戊 or 戌 instead of bending inward as in 戉), which was also inherited by the clerical script.

Etymology

A derivative of 越 (OC *ɢʷad, “to pass over”) (Mei, 1979, 1992). Ultimately probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɢʷrat (“to travel; to go through”); compare Tibetan སྐྱོད (skyod, “to go”) (Mei, 1979, 1992; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; STEDT).

The functions of the *s- prefix and the *-s suffix are not clear. Possible explanations include:

Alternatively, it may be derived from a word like 圓 (OC *ɢon, “round; circle”) (< Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round; circular”)), literally "to start the circle/cycle again" (Schuessler, 2007).

Outside of Sino-Tibetan, this word has been compared to Thai ขวบ (kùuap, “year”), which Bodman (1980) considers to be a loan from Chinese, as well as Proto-Austronesian *kawaS (“year; season; sky”) (Sagart, 2005).

Also see Schuessler (2007) and Smith (2012) for a discussion on the semantic development of this word, especially the connection between "Jupiter" and "year".

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Meixian:
    • sê4 - vernacular;
    • sui4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
More information Variety, Location ...
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

歲

  1. (literary) Jupiter (planet)
  2. year
  3. Tai Sui, the god representing each of these years
  4. (literary) age
  5. (literary) time; period
  6. (literary) crop harvests of the year
  7. Classifier for time: year
  8. Classifier for age (of a person or animal): year old
    你現在幾歲？／你现在几岁？  ―  Nǐ xiànzài jǐ suì?  ―  How old are you now?
    我十八歲。／我十八岁。  ―  Wǒ shíbā suì.  ―  I am 18 years old.
    一個十歲的女孩／一个十岁的女孩  ―  yīge shí suì de nǚhái  ―  a ten-year-old girl

Usage notes

Ages in 歲／岁 (suì) are traditionally reckoned using the Chinese lunar calendar, considered as 1 year old at the moment of birth and increasing not during birthdays, but at the Chinese New Year.

See also

Compounds

  • 一歲三遷 / 一岁三迁
  • 一歲九遷 / 一岁九迁
  • 上了歲數 / 上了岁数
  • 三呼萬歲 / 三呼万岁
  • 上歲數兒 / 上岁数儿
  • 亞歲 / 亚岁
  • 以日為歲 / 以日为岁
  • 來歲 / 来岁 (láisuì)
  • 共歲 / 共岁
  • 凶年饑歲 / 凶年饥岁
  • 分歲 / 分岁
  • 別歲 / 别岁
  • 初歲 / 初岁
  • 千歲 / 千岁 (qiānsuì)
  • 千歲一時 / 千岁一时
  • 千秋萬歲 / 千秋万岁 (qiānqiūwànsuì)
  • 卒歲 / 卒岁 (zúsuì)
  • 去歲 / 去岁 (qùsuì)
  • 同歲 / 同岁 (tóngsuì)
  • 善歲 / 善岁
  • 嗣歲 / 嗣岁
  • 嘉歲 / 嘉岁
  • 報歲 / 报岁
  • 報歲蘭 / 报岁兰
  • 壓歲 / 压岁 (yāsuì)
  • 壓歲錢 / 压岁钱 (yāsuìqián)
  • 太歲 / 太岁 (Tàisuì)
  • 太歲年名 / 太岁年名
  • 安太歲 / 安太岁
  • 守歲 / 守岁 (shǒusuì)
  • 客歲 / 客岁
  • 富歲 / 富岁
  • 實歲 / 实岁 (shísuì)
  • 寸陰若歲 / 寸阴若岁
  • 崢嶸歲月 / 峥嵘岁月 (zhēngróngsuìyuè)
  • 年歲 / 年岁 (niánsuì)
  • 年深歲改 / 年深岁改
  • 幾歲 / 几岁 (jǐsuì)
  • 度日如歲 / 度日如岁
  • 度歲 / 度岁 (dùsuì)
  • 徂歲 / 徂岁
  • 悲歡歲月 / 悲欢岁月 (bēihuānsuìyuè)
  • 惡歲 / 恶岁
  • 撞太歲 / 撞太岁
  • 撞鐘太歲 / 撞钟太岁
  • 改歲 / 改岁
  • 敗歲 / 败岁
  • 新歲 / 新岁
  • 日久歲深 / 日久岁深
  • 日長歲久 / 日长岁久
  • 旬歲 / 旬岁
  • 星歲 / 星岁
  • 時和歲稔 / 时和岁稔
  • 時和歲豐 / 时和岁丰
  • 晚歲 / 晚岁
  • 暑歲 / 暑岁
  • 暮歲 / 暮岁
  • 望歲 / 望岁
  • 期歲 / 期岁
  • 樂歲 / 乐岁
  • 歉歲 / 歉岁
  • 歲不我與 / 岁不我与 (suìbùwǒyǔ)
  • 歲事 / 岁事
  • 歲修 / 岁修
  • 歲入 / 岁入 (suìrù)
  • 歲凶
  • 歲出 / 岁出 (suìchū)
  • 歲初 / 岁初 (suìchū)
  • 歲功 / 岁功
  • 歲君 / 岁君
  • 歲在龍蛇 / 岁在龙蛇
  • 歲夜 / 岁夜
  • 歲寒 / 岁寒 (suìhán)
  • 歲寒三友 / 岁寒三友 (suìhánsānyǒu)
  • 歲寒不凋 / 岁寒不凋
  • 歲寒松柏 / 岁寒松柏
  • 歲差 / 岁差 (suìchā)
  • 歲幣 / 岁币 (suìbì)
  • 歲弊 / 岁弊
  • 歲收 / 岁收 (suìshōu)
  • 歲數 / 岁数 (suìshu)
  • 歲星 / 岁星 (Suìxīng)
  • 歲晏 / 岁晏
  • 歲時 / 岁时 (suìshí)
  • 歲時伏臘 / 岁时伏腊
  • 歲暮 / 岁暮 (suìmù)
  • 歲會 / 岁会
  • 歲月 / 岁月 (suìyuè)
  • 歲月不居 / 岁月不居
  • 歲月如梭 / 岁月如梭 (suìyuèrúsuō)
  • 歲月如流 / 岁月如流
  • 歲月崢嶸 / 岁月峥嵘
  • 歲朘月耗 / 岁朘月耗
  • 歲朝 / 岁朝 (suìzhāo)
  • 歲末 / 岁末 (suìmò)
  • 歲杪 / 岁杪 (suìmiǎo)
  • 歲歲平安 / 岁岁平安
  • 歲比不登 / 岁比不登
  • 歲稔年豐 / 岁稔年丰
  • 歲考 / 岁考
  • 歲荒 / 岁荒 (suìhuāng)
  • 歲華 / 岁华
  • 歲行 / 岁行
  • 歲計 / 岁计
  • 歲試 / 岁试
  • 歲豐年稔 / 岁丰年稔
  • 歲貢 / 岁贡
  • 歲闌 / 岁阑
  • 歲除 / 岁除 (suìchú)
  • 歲陰 / 岁阴
  • 歲陽 / 岁阳
  • 歲首 / 岁首 (suìshǒu)
  • 比歲 / 比岁 (bǐsuì)
  • 比歲不登 / 比岁不登
  • 活太歲 / 活太岁
  • 犯歲 / 犯岁
  • 獻歲 / 献岁
  • 玩日愒歲 / 玩日愒岁
  • 玩歲愒日 / 玩岁愒日
  • 發歲 / 发岁
  • 百歲 / 百岁 (bǎisuì)
  • 百歲之好 / 百岁之好
  • 百歲之後 / 百岁之后
  • 百歲千秋 / 百岁千秋
  • 百歲羹 / 百岁羹
  • 萬歲 / 万岁 (wànsuì)
  • 萬歲千秋 / 万岁千秋
  • 萬歲爺 / 万岁爷 (wànsuìyé)
  • 穰歲 / 穰岁
  • 窮年累歲 / 穷年累岁
  • 終歲 / 终岁 (zhōngsuì)
  • 綺紈之歲 / 绮纨之岁
  • 聊以卒歲 / 聊以卒岁 (liáoyǐzúsuì)
  • 舊歲 / 旧岁 (jiùsuì)
  • 花花太歲 / 花花太岁
  • 虛歲 / 虚岁 (xūsuì)
  • 豐年稔歲 / 丰年稔岁
  • 賀歲 / 贺岁 (hèsuì)
  • 足歲 / 足岁 (zúsuì)
  • 辭歲 / 辞岁
  • 近歲 / 近岁
  • 連歲 / 连岁
  • 週歲 / 周岁 (zhōusuì)
  • 長命百歲 / 长命百岁 (chángmìngbǎisuì)
  • 長歲錢 / 长岁钱
  • 間歲 / 间岁
  • 開歲 / 开岁
  • 饑饉之歲 / 饥馑之岁

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (歲):
  • → Japanese: 歳(さい) (sai)
  • → Korean: 세(歲) (se)
  • → Vietnamese: tuế (歲)

References

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Japanese

Kanji

歲

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. alternative form of - 歳(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”)
  2. alternative form of - 才(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”)

Readings

  • Go-on: さい (sai)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei)
  • Kun: とし (toshi)、よわい (yowai)

Usage notes

This character lacks JIS support and is not used in Japan. The character 歳 (U+6B73) (which is, keep in mind, not a shinjitai form) is used instead.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 歲 (MC sjwejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 셰 (syey) (Yale: syey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

歲 (eumhun 해 세 (hae se))

  1. hanja form? of 세 (“age (counter); year (about age)”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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Vietnamese

Han character

歲: Hán Nôm readings: tuế, tuổi

Noun

歲

  1. chữ Hán form of tuế (“(only in compounds) year of age”)

Derived terms

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