-ba

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ba"

Ao

Suffix

-ba

1. (Chungli) Verb nominalizer suffix

   ‎aso (“to give birth”) + ‎-ba → ‎asoba (“birth”)

Further reading

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎, Berkeley: University of California, page 49
• Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1975), Ao Grammar, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 59

Bambara

Suffix

-ba

1. (augmentative suffix)

   ‎dugu + ‎-ba → ‎duguba

Basque

Suffix

-ba

1. (no longer productive) Kinship suffix. It is usually found attached to unknown stems.

Derived terms

• ahizpa (“sister”)
• alaba (“daughter”)
• arreba (“sister”)
• asaba (“grandfather”)
• ginarreba (“parent-in-law”)
• iloba (“nephew”)
• izeba (“aunt”)
• osaba (“uncle”)

References

• R. L. Trask (2008), “-ba”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 123

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech -ba, from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ ba]

Suffix

-ba f (noun-forming suffix)

1. forms feminine nouns usually denoting an action, process or its result

   ‎chodit + ‎-ba → ‎chodba

   ‎sloužit + ‎-ba → ‎služba

Declension

Declension of -ba (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ba	-by
genitive	-by	-b
dative	-bě	-bám
accusative	-bu	-by
vocative	-bo	-by
locative	-bě	-bách
instrumental	-bou	-bami

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -ba

bohoslužba

čelba

četba

dělba

dělostřelba

dlažba

dražba

hanba

honba

hradba

hrozba

hudba

chodba

kalba

klenba

kresba

léčba

lučba

lukostřelba

malba

orba

palba

pařba

pažba

perokresba

platba

plavba

prosba

přestavba

ražba

sadba

sazba

skladba

služba

stavba

sudba

šalba

těžba

toužba

tržba

tužba

tvorba

údržba

úlitba

vazba

věštba

volba

výmalba

výsadba

výstavba

See also

• -tva / -tba

Further reading

• -ba in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Garo

Affix

-ba

1. affirmative affix, indeed
2. also

Antonyms

• -ja

Gothic

Romanization

-ba

1. romanization of -𐌱𐌰

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɒ]

Suffix

-ba/-be (illative case suffix)

1. into

   ház (“house”) → a házba (“into the house”)

2. eye dialect spelling of -ban

Usage notes

• (illative case suffix) Variants:

  -ba is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.

  alma (“apple”) → Beleharapott egy almába. ― He/she has bitten into an apple.

  -be is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

  zene (“music”) → Variációkat dolgoztunk bele a zenébe. ― We worked variations into the music.

Hungarian case suffixes

case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	front vowel
		unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként1
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től

¹ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként

Related terms

• -ban / -ben
• -ba / -be
• be → be-
• bel-
• bele (belé, beléje)
• -beli (-béli)
• beljebb (bellebb)
• bellebbez (beljebbez)
• belőle
• belső (benső)
• belül (belől, bévül)
• benne
• bennünket,  -eteket
• bent (benn)
• bél (and archaic bel)
• -ból / -ből

See also

• Category:Hungarian terms taking -ba/-be
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Hungarian pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (see also postpositions)

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)1	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c1 c2
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

¹Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template

Japanese

Romanization

-ba

1. Rōmaji transcription of ば

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.

Proto-Slavic *-ьba

Polish -ba

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: -ba
• Homophone: ba

Suffix

-ba f

1. (chiefly not productive or dialectal) forms feminine nouns meaning the action of a verb

   ‎służyć + ‎-ba → ‎służba

Declension

Declension of -ba

	singular	plural
nominative	-ba	-by
genitive	-by	-b
dative	-bie	-bom
accusative	-bę	-by
instrumental	-bą	-bami
locative	-bie	-bach
vocative	-bo	-by

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ba

chwalba

ciżba

gańba

gędźba

gońba

goręcba

grodźba

groźba

kośba

kradźba

kraśba

lejba

liczba

nádźba

prośba

rachuba

rajby

rzeźba

siejba

służba

strzelba

wieszczba

wróżba

życzba

See also

• -da

Further reading

• -ba in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

Suffix

-ba (Cyrillic spelling -ба)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting an action.

See also

• -idba

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ba]
• Homophone: ba

Suffix

-ba f

1. suffix used to form action nouns from verbs

   ‎siať + ‎-ba → ‎sejba

   ‎orať + ‎-ba → ‎orba

   ‎voliť + ‎-ba → ‎voľba

   ‎strieľať + ‎-ba → ‎streľba

   ‎udržať + ‎-ba → ‎údržba

   ‎túžiť + ‎-ba → ‎túžba

Declension

Declension of -ba
(pattern žena)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ba	-by
genitive	-by	-ieb
dative	-be	-bám
accusative	-bu	-by
locative	-be	-bách
instrumental	-bou	-bami

Derived terms

Slovak terms suffixed with -ba

hradba

hrozba

klenba

voľba