-on

See also: Appendix:Variations of "on"

English

Etymology

• (Physics) From -on in electron, reinforced by Ancient Greek -ον (-on) ending neuter nouns and adjectives.
• (Chemistry) From -on in carbon, first applied to boron and then to silicon.

Pronunciation

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Suffix

-on

1. (physics, mathematics and biology) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).

   Coordinate term: -ino

2. (biology, genetics) Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units, such as codon or recon.
3. (chemistry) Forming names of noble gases and certain nonmetal elements (such as boron or silicon).

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -on

Translations

(physics) subatomic particles

Catalan: -ó (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 子 (zh) (zǐ) Dutch: -on (nl) French: -on (fr) m German: -on (de) n Gujarati: -અણુ (-aṇu) Hindi: -अणु (-aṇu) Interlingua: -on Italian: -one m Japanese: 子 (ja) (shi) Marathi: -अणू (-aṇū) Norwegian: Bokmål: -on Portuguese: -ão (pt) m (Portugal), -on (pt) m (Brazil) Russian: -он (ru) m (-on) Spanish: -ón (es) m

(genetics) basic or fundamental units

French: -on (fr) Norwegian: Bokmål: -on Russian: -он (ru) m (-on)

(chemistry) nonmetal element

Norwegian: Bokmål: -on

Anagrams

• Nº, NO, No, No., N.O., no, no.

Cebuano

Alternative forms

• -hon — after vowels without glottal stops
• -un, -hun — nonstandard

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən. Cognate with Ilocano -en and Tagalog -in).

Suffix

-on (verb-forming suffix, inchoative gi-, contemplative -on, imperative -a, negative -a)

1. patient trigger verbal affix, infinitive form
   1. non-durative action; an action done unto something or someone without necessarily referencing the duration of the act; see Perfective aspect

      Coordinate term: paga- -on — durative patient trigger

      ‎kaon (“eat”) + ‎-on → ‎kan-on (“to eat something”)

      Kan-on nako ang isda. ― I will eat the fish. (The "fish" is focused)

      Kan-on nako ― I will eat it

   2. (with verbs of motion) go to do/get/achieve something

      ‎saka (“climb”) + ‎-on → ‎sak-on (“to climb to get something”)

      ‎balik (“return”) + ‎-on → ‎balikon (“to return to do something”)

      Balikon ka namo ― We will come back to get you

   3. (with roots referring to a state) make into such state

      ‎pula (“red”) + ‎-on → ‎pulahon (“to make something red”)

      ‎hurot (“consumed”) + ‎-on → ‎hutdon (“to use up all that is left”)

      ‎upat (“four”) + ‎-on → ‎upaton (“to make/divide into four parts”)

      ‎ayo (“good”) + ‎-on → ‎ayohon (“to fix”)

   4. (with adjectives referring to manner) do something in such manner

      ‎ayo (“good”) + ‎-on → ‎ayohon (“to do something well”)

      ‎kalit (“sudden”) + ‎-on → ‎kaliton (“to do something suddenly”)

   5. (with names or titles) call someone by that name or title

      Kuyahon ka niya ― He calls you "kuya"

   6. (uncommon, with words referring to time) do at such time

      Ugmaon na lang 'ni nako. ― I will just do this tomorrow.

   7. (with things that can be used as an instrument to hit something) strike with so-and-so

      Bakyaon nako siya ― I will hit him/her with a wooden slipper

2. contemplative aspect of -on

Usage notes

• Often, the stress is moved to the next syllable after affixation:

  ‎bálik + ‎-on → ‎balíkon

  ‎áyo + ‎-on → ‎ayóhon

  ‎pulá + ‎-on → ‎pulahón

  ‎kalít + ‎-on → ‎kalitón

Derived terms

Cebuano terms suffixed with -on

• ka- -on
• -onon

 

Suffix

-on (adjective-forming suffix)

1. (added to adjectives) somewhat, kind of, -ish

   Synonym: murag, full reduplication of root

   ‎gamay (“small”) + ‎-on → ‎gamayon (“rather small”)

   ‎barato (“cheap”) + ‎-on → ‎baratohon (“rather cheap”)

2. (added to Spanish monetary numbers) worth much

   Synonyms: tag-, balig

   ‎piso (“one peso”) + ‎-on → ‎pisohon (“worth one peso”)

   ‎baynte (“twenty pesos”) + ‎-on → ‎bayntehon (“worth twenty pesos”)

3. forms demonyms

   Synonyms: -anon, -non, -hon

Usage notes

• In the first and second senses, the stress is always on the last syllable:

  ‎mahál + ‎-on → ‎mahalón (“somewhat expensive”)

  ‎báyot + ‎-on → ‎bayotón (“gayish”)

Derived terms

• -anon
• ma- -on
• -non

 

Suffix

-on (noun-forming suffix)

1. Alternative form of -onon

   Duna pa koy hatagon nimo. ― I still have something to give you.

See also

• -an
• ma-
• mag-
• mang-
• mo-
• paga- -an

 

References

• John U. Wolff (1972) A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎ (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pages 1158-1159

Danish

Suffix

-on

1. (organic chemistry) -one

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-on

1. (organic chemistry) -one
2. (particles) -on

Synonyms

• oxo-

Derived terms

Dutch terms suffixed with -on

Related terms

• keton

Finnish

Etymology

See -Vn (illative suffix).

Suffix

-on

1. Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

Anagrams

• no

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ōnem.

Suffix

-on m (plural -ons) (ORB)

1. forms augmentative nouns

Derived terms

Franco-Provençal terms suffixed with -on

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ̃/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French -on, from Old French -on, a blending of Latin -ōnem (accusative singular of -ō, masculine appellative suffix), Frankish *-on (accusative of *-ō, ending of masculine weak declension nouns), Frankish *-in (diminutive suffix), and *-ing (diminutive suffix for animals, via -enc, -enz). Some also descend from the Celtic singulative *-onos, such as mouton.

Suffix

-on

1. Forming diminutives of things, including some animals.

   ‎chat (“cat”) + ‎-on → ‎chaton (“kitten”)

   ‎ours (“bear”) + ‎-on → ‎ourson (“cub”)

2. Forming augmentatives of things.

   ‎médaille (“medal”) + ‎-on → ‎médaillon (“medallion”)

3. Indicating origin or occupation.

   ‎marmite (“cooking pot”) + ‎-on → ‎marmiton (“pot and pan washer; kitchen porter”)

   ‎quartier (“quarter”) + ‎-on → ‎quarteron (“quarter of a pound”)

   ‎char (“carriage”) + ‎-on → ‎charron (“wheelwright”)

   ‎bûche (“log”) + ‎-on → ‎bûcheron (“lumberjack”)

Descendants

• → English: -oon

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ον (-on), neuter of -ος (-os), masculine adjective ending.

Suffix

-on

1. (physics and biology) -on

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -on

Forming diminutives

• buisson
• brocheton
• chanson
• housson
• ourson
• ponton
• raton
• saucisson

Gothic

Romanization

-ōn

1. Romanization of -𐍉𐌽

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [on]

Etymology 1

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)*
case							v. pr.	c.
nom.	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
acc.	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c1 c2
dat.	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	c
ins.	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		c
c-f.	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	c
tra.	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	c
ter.	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	c
e-f.	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	c
e-m.	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	c
ine.	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	c
sup.	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	c
ade.	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	c
ill.	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	c
sub.	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	c
all.	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	c
el.	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	c
del.	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	c
abl.	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on (superessive case suffix)

2. on

   ‎asztal (“table”) + ‎-on → ‎asztalon (“on [a/the] table”)

   Egy váza van az asztalon ― There is a vase on the table.

Usage notes

• (superessive case suffix) Variants:

  -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -on is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -en is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ön is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Case	Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	Front vowel
		unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.     alma — almában, but almaként     zene ― zenében, but zeneként

   Hungarian case suffixes

See also

• rajta
• Category:Hungarian terms taking -n/-on/-en/-ön
• Category:Hungarian noun forms

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on

2. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem ― often an onomatopoeia ― to form a verb, normally expressing an instantaneous action.

   oson (“to sneak”) (the instantaneous element is not present here)

Usage notes

• (verb-forming suffix) Variants:

  -on is added to some back-vowel words

  -an is added to back-vowel words

  -en is added to front-vowel words

Conjugation

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-onok	-onsz	-on	-onunk	-ontok	-onnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	-ontam	-ontál	-ont	-ontunk	-ontatok	-ontak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -onni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	-onék	-onál	-ona	-onánk	-onátok	-onának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -on vala, -ont vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	-onandok	-onandasz	-onand	-onandunk	-onandotok	-onandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-onnék	-onnál	-onna	-onnánk	-onnátok	-onnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ont volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-onjak	-onj or -onjál	-onjon	-onjunk	-onjatok	-onjanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ont légyen
Infinitive	-onni		-onnom	-onnod	-onnia	-onnunk	-onnotok	-onniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	-onás		-onó	-ont	―	-onva (-onván)

conjugation of -on

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-onhatok	-onhatsz	-onhat	-onhatunk	-onhattok	-onhatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	-onhattam	-onhattál	-onhatott	-onhattunk	-onhattatok	-onhattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	-onhaték	-onhatál	-onhata	-onhatánk	-onhatátok	-onhatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -onhat vala, -onhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	-onhatandok or -onandhatok	-onhatandasz or -onandhatsz	-onhatand or -onandhat	-onhatandunk or -onandhatunk	-onhatandotok or -onandhattok	-onhatandanak or -onandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-onhatnék	-onhatnál	-onhatna	-onhatnánk	-onhatnátok	-onhatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -onhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-onhassak	-onhass or -onhassál	-onhasson	-onhassunk	-onhassatok	-onhassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -onhatott légyen
Inf.	(-onhatni)		(-onhatnom)	(-onhatnod)	(-onhatnia)	(-onhatnunk)	(-onhatnotok)	(-onhatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(-onhatva / -onhatván)

potential conjugation of -on

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -on

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on

2. (deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to create an adverb.

   ‎vak (“blind”) + ‎-on → ‎vakon (“blindly”)

   ‎gazdagon (“rich”) + ‎-on → ‎gazdagon (“abundantly, copiously”)

Usage notes

• (adverb-forming suffix) Variants:

  -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel (see above).

Derived terms

Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -on

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on

2. (chiefly dialectal or archaic, personal suffix) Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jon, formerly also occurring in the indicative).

   ad (“to give”) → adjon (“he/she/it should give”)

   van (“to be”) → vagyon (“he/she/it is, there is”) (in the standard language: van)

Usage notes

• (archaic personal suffix) Variants:

  -n is added to certain irregular stems

  -on is added to back-vowel words

  -en is added to unrounded front-vowel words

  -ön is added to rounded front-vowel words

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Further reading

• Szinnyei József: Alaktani adalékok (in Nyelvtudományi Közlemények, 1903, see page 249 in the PDF, page 243 in the original)
• Ifj. Domokos Pál Péter: Még egyszer a felelin-féle igealakokról (page 4 in the PDF, page 32 in the original)

Mohawk

Suffix

-on

1. forms perfective aspect, which require patient pronouns

References

• Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 371-372

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

A new formation from words such as ion (“ion”), from Ancient Greek -ου (-ou), neuter of -ος (-os), from Proto-Indo-European *-os (creates nouns from verb stems).

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /uːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːn
• Hyphenation: -on

Suffix

-on (definite singular neuter -onet, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)

2. (physics, mathematics and biology) Used to form nouns denoting subatomic particles, quanta, molecular units, or substances; -on

   proton, elektron, nøytron, boson, gluon ― proton, electron, neutron, boson, gluon

4. (chemistry, biology, genetics) Used to form nouns denoting certain organic compounds; -one, -on

   aceton, testosteron, kodon ― acetone, testosterone, codone

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /ɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔn
• Hyphenation: -on
• Homophones: onn, ånd

Suffix

-on (definite singular neuter -onet or definite singular masculine -onen, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)

2. (chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical substances and industrial products; -on

   radon, orlon, rayon ― radon, orlon, rayon

References

• “-on” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Old English

Suffix

-on

1. (rare) Alternative form of -en (suffix forming past participles)

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• -oian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.

Suffix

-on

1. (verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of class 2 weak verbs (an alternative ending -oian is sometimes found instead of -on)

   makon "to make"

   haton "to hate"

Conjugation

infinitive	-on
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	-on	-oda
2nd person singular	-os	-odes
3rd person singular	-od	-oda
plural	-iod	-odun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	-o	-odi
2nd person singular	-os	-odis
3rd person singular	-o	-odi
plural	-ion	-odin
imperative	present
singular	-o
plural	-iod
participle	present	past
	-ondi	-od

Conjugation of -on (weak class 2)

Descendants

• Middle Low German: -en
  • Low German: -en

Polish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔn/
• Rhymes: -ɔn
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophone: on

Suffix

-on m inan or m pers

1. forms masculine nouns

   ‎kuć + ‎-on → ‎kujon

Declension

Inanimate declension:

	singular	plural
nominative	-on	-ony
genitive	-onu/-ona	-onów
dative	-onowi	-onom
accusative	-on	-ony
instrumental	-onem	-onami
locative	-onie	-onach
vocative	-onie	-ony

Declension of -on

Animate declension:

	singular	plural
nominative	-on	-oni/-ony (deprecative)
genitive	-ona	-onów
dative	-onowi	-onom
accusative	-ona	-onów
instrumental	-onem	-onami
locative	-onie	-onach
vocative	-onie	-oni

Declension of -on

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -on

Further reading

• -on in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Spanish

Suffix

-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones)

1. Obsolete spelling of -ón.

Swedish

Etymology

Most likely originally from smultron (“wild strawberry”) and nypon (“rosehip”) and then extended to other borrowed words with an original -a suffix. Probably originally a plural suffix cognate to Gothic -𐍉𐌽𐌰 (-ōna) in e.g. 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (augōna, “eyes”), compare Swedish ögon.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɔn/

Suffix

-on n

1. Used in many names of berries and some fruits.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• fikon
• hallon
• hjortron
• lingon
• nypon
• ollon
• olvon
• mjölon
• plommon
• päron
• smultron

References

1. -on in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• NO, no.

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔn/

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• -ion

Suffix

-on

1. Pluralisation suffix

   Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -ed, -edd, -en, -i, -iadau, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -od, -oedd, -ydd, -yr, -ys

   ‎meddyg (“doctor”) + ‎-on → ‎meddygon (“doctors”)

   ‎lleidr (“thief”) + ‎-on → ‎lladron (“lladron”)

   ‎athro (“(male) teacher”) + ‎-on → ‎athrawon (“athrawon”)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• -son

Suffix

-on

1. (colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite
2. (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• -ion

Suffix

-on

1. Noun suffix

   ‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-on → ‎euron (“laburnum”)

   ‎gŵr (“man”) + ‎-on → ‎gwron (“hero”)

   ‎hin (“weather”) + ‎-on → ‎hinon (“fair weather”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -on