Molibdeno

Ang molibdeno (Iningles molybdenum) mao ang elementong kimiko sa talaang peryodiko nga may simbolo nga Mo ug kaiphan nga atomik 42. Ang molibdeno mao ang puthaw nga transisyon.

Molybdenum
42Mo
Cr ↑ Mo ↓ W Periodic table niobium ← molybdenum → technetium
Panagway
gray metallic
Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphan	molybdenum, Mo, 42
Paglitok	/ˌmɒlɪbˈdiːnəm/ [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all-ib-Plantilya:Smallcaps all-nəm]] or /məˈlɪbdᵻnəm/ [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|mə-Plantilya:Smallcaps all-di-nəm]]
Kategoriyang elemento	puthaw nga transisyon
Group, period, block	6, 5, d
Gibug-aton sa atomo	95.96(2)
Kontorno sa elektron	[Kr] 5s1 4d5 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 Electron shells of molybdenum (2, 8, 18, 13, 1)
History
Pagkadiskobre	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1778)
First isolation	Peter Jacob Hjelm (1781)
Physical properties
Phase	magahi
Density (near r.t.)	10.28 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	9.33 g·cm−3
Melting point	2896 K, 2623 °C, 4753 °F
Boiling point	4912 K, 4639 °C, 8382 °F
Heat of fusion	37.48 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	598 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2742 2994 3312 3707 4212 4879
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1[1], -1, -2 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.16 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 684.3 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1560 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2618 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	139 pm
Covalent radius	154±5 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[2]
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 53.4 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	138 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal diffusivity	(300 K) 54.3[3] mm²/s
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 4.8 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(r.t.) 5400 m·s−1
Young's modulus	329 GPa
Shear modulus	126 GPa
Bulk modulus	230 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1530 MPa
Brinell hardness	1500 MPa
CAS registry number	7439-98-7
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of molybdenum
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 92Mo 14.84% >1.9×1020 y β+β+ 1.6491 92Zr 93Mo syn 4×103 y ε - 93Nb 94Mo 9.25% 94Mo is stable with 52 neutrons 95Mo 15.92% 95Mo is stable with 53 neutrons 96Mo 16.68% 96Mo is stable with 54 neutrons 97Mo 9.55% 97Mo is stable with 55 neutrons 98Mo 24.13% >1×1014 y β−β− 0.1125 98Ru 99Mo syn 65.94 h β− 0.436, 1.214 99mTc γ 0.74, 0.36, 0.14 - 100Mo 9.63% 7.8×1018 y β−β− 3.04 100Ru
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