誄

See also: 诔

誄 U+8A84, 誄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A84 ← 誃 [U+8A83] CJK Unified Ideographs 誅 → [U+8A85]

Translingual

Han character

誄 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口手木 (YRQD), four-corner 0569₀, composition ⿰訁耒)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1160, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35471
• Dae Jaweon: page 1625, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3960, character 10
• Unihan data for U+8A84

Chinese

trad.		誄
simp.		诔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (耒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
頛	*ruːlʔ
郲	*rɯː, *ruːlʔ, *ruːlʔ
耒	*ruːls, *rulʔ
銇	*ruːls
洡	*ruːls
誄	*rulʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rulʔ): semantic 言 + phonetic 耒 (OC *ruːls, *rulʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lěi (lei³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loi⁶ / leoi⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
    • Wade–Giles: lei³
    • Yale: lěi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
    • Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: loi⁶ / leoi⁶
    • Yale: loih / leuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loi⁶ / loey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: loi⁶ / lêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːi̯²²/, /lɵy̯²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: lwijX

Rime
Character	誄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力軌切
Baxter	lwijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiX/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiX/
Li Rong	/luiX/
Wang Li	/lwiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lwiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lěi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ujʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rulʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	誄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lěi
Middle Chinese	‹ lwijX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ujʔ/
English	eulogy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	誄
Reading #	1/1
No.	7765
Phonetic component	耒
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	壘
Old Chinese	/*rulʔ/

Definitions

誄

1. (archaic) make a memorial speech; to eulogize

   • 夏四月己丑，孔丘卒，公誄之曰，旻天不弔，不憖遺一老，俾屏余一人以在位，煢煢余在疚，嗚呼哀哉，尼父無自律！ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     夏四月己丑，孔丘卒，公诔之曰，旻天不吊，不慭遗一老，俾屏余一人以在位，茕茕余在疚，呜呼哀哉，尼父无自律！ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg

     Xià sìyuè jǐchǒu, Kǒngqiū zú, gōng lěi zhī yuē, míntiān bù diào, bù yìn yí yī lǎo, bǐ píng yúyīrén yǐ zài wèi, qióngqióng yú zài jiù, wūhū āizāi, Nífù wú zì lǜ! [Pinyin]

     On the eleventh day in the fourth month during summer, Kong Qiu died. Duke Ai of Lu gave his memorial speech as follows: "Heaven is not willing to let this veteran minister protect me and remains me, the only one, alone. Father Zhongni [Kong Qiu] is gone and Father Zhongni has gone! I have lost the laws to administer my government!"

2. (archaic) a eulogy of the dead

   • （宝玉）所以大肆妄誕，竟杜撰成一篇長文，用晴雯素日所喜之冰鮫縠一幅楷字寫成，名曰《芙蓉女兒誄》，前序後歌。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     （宝玉）所以大肆妄诞，竟杜撰成一篇长文，用晴雯素日所喜之冰鲛縠一幅楷字写成，名曰《芙蓉女儿诔》，前序后歌。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18^th century CE

     (Bǎoyù) suǒyǐ dàsì wàngdàn, jìng dùzhuàn chéng yī piān chángwén, yòng Qíngwén sùrì suǒ xǐ zhī bīng jiāo hú yī fú kǎi zì xiě chéng, míng yuē “fúróng nǚ'ér lěi”, qián xù hòu gē. [Pinyin]

     So giving free rein to his absurd imagination, he made up a long lament, and he copied this out neatly on a white translucent silk kerchief which Ching-wen had fancied, entitling it Elegy for the Hibiscus Maid and giving it preface and a concluding song.

Compounds

• 哀誄 / 哀诔
• 誄讚 / 诔赞
• 誄辭 / 诔辞

Japanese

Kanji

誄

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. condolence message

Readings

• Go-on: るい (rui)^{←るい (rui, historical)}
• Kan-on: るい (rui)^{←るい (rui, historical)}
• Kun: いのる (inoru)、しのびごと (shinobigoto, 誄)

Alternative forms

• 讄

Compounds

• 誄(るい)歌(か) (ruika)
• 誄(るい)讚(さん) (ruisan)
• 誄(るい)詞(し) (ruishi)
• 誄(るい)詩(し) (ruishi)
• 誄(るい)襚(すい) (ruisui)
• 誄(るい)文(ぶん) (ruibun)
• 哀誄
• 箴誄
• 制誄
• 伝誄
• 読誄
• 銘(めい)誄(るい) (meirui)

References

• 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “誄”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

誄 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)

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