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鮮
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
鮮 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓火廿手 (NFTQ), four-corner 28351, composition ⿰魚羊)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1470, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46133
- Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4688, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9BAE
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + abbreviated phonetic 羴 (OC *qʰreːn, *qʰljen).
Alternatively, may be ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 魚 (“fish”) + 羊 (“sheep”) – delicious.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sar (“new; fresh”). Cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-sar (“new; fresh”), whence Tibetan གསར་བ (gsar ba, “new; fresh”), Rawang angsar (“new”), Drung aksal (“new”), Mizo tʰarᴴ (“new”) (Schuessler, 2007); cognate with Tibetan གསར་ (gsar, “new”), Burmese ဆန်း (hcan:, “new, fresh”) (Hill, 2019).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sin1
- Gan (Wiktionary): xien1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie1
- Northern Min (KCR): síng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiĕng / siĕng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing1 / seng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sienn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sian
- Wade–Giles: hsien1
- Yale: syān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xuan1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyan⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin1
- Yale: sīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin1
- Guangdong Romanization: xin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xien1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên
- Hakka Romanization System: xienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xian1
- Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: síng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiĕng / siĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰieŋ⁵⁵/, /sieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- chiĕng - vernacular;
- siĕng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ching
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬe̞ŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /θɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- cing1 - vernacular;
- seng1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhíⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tshínn
- Phofsit Daibuun: chvie
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- chhiⁿ - vernacular (“fresh”);
- chhíⁿ - vernacular (“fresh; sky blue”);
- sian - literary;
- sián - alternative literary, used in some compounds (e.g. 鮮美).
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: sjen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s][a]r/, /*s[a]r/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sen/
Definitions
鮮
- seafood; aquatic food
- delicious food; fresh food
- fresh; not stale
- brightly colored; gaily colored
- delicious; tasty
- not yet withered; not yet wilted (of flowers, grass, etc.)
- special; peculiar; strange and interesting
- (Hakka) thin; dilute
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sky blue; azure
- 鮮色/鲜色 [Hokkien] ― chheⁿ-sek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― sky blue
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一朵鮮花插在牛糞上 / 一朵鲜花插在牛粪上 (yī duǒ xiānhuā chā zài niúfèn shàng)
- 三鮮 / 三鲜 (sānxiān)
- 保鮮 / 保鲜 (bǎoxiān)
- 保鮮盒 / 保鲜盒
- 保鮮膜 / 保鲜膜 (bǎoxiānmó)
- 光鮮 / 光鲜 (guāngxiān)
- 如烹小鮮 / 如烹小鲜
- 小鮮 / 小鲜
- 小鮮肉 / 小鲜肉 (xiǎoxiānròu)
- 屢見不鮮 / 屡见不鲜 (lǚjiànbùxiān)
- 嵐翠鮮明 / 岚翠鲜明
- 數見不鮮 / 数见不鲜 (shuòjiànbùxiān)
- 新鮮 / 新鲜 (xīnxiān)
- 新鮮事 / 新鲜事
- 新鮮人 / 新鲜人 (xīnxiānrén)
- 時鮮 / 时鲜 (shíxiān)
- 朝鮮 / 朝鲜
- 海鮮 / 海鲜 (hǎixiān, “seafood”)
- 甘鮮 / 甘鲜
- 生鮮 / 生鲜 (shēngxiān)
- 白羊鮮 / 白羊鲜
- 碧鮮 / 碧鲜
- 空水澄鮮 / 空水澄鲜
- 肥鮮 / 肥鲜
- 貓兒見了魚鮮飯 / 猫儿见了鱼鲜饭
- 送鮮 / 送鲜
- 魚鮮 / 鱼鲜 (yúxiān)
- 鮮乳 / 鲜乳 (xiānrǔ)
- 鮮亮 / 鲜亮 (xiānliàng)
- 鮮卑 / 鲜卑 (Xiānbēi)
- 鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi)
- 鮮奶 / 鲜奶 (xiānnǎi)
- 鮮奶油 / 鲜奶油 (xiānnǎiyóu)
- 鮮妍 / 鲜妍
- 鮮嫩 / 鲜嫩 (xiānnèn)
- 鮮明 / 鲜明 (xiānmíng)
- 鮮果 / 鲜果 (xiānguǒ)
- 鮮榮 / 鲜荣
- 鮮沢 / 鲜沢 (chhiⁿ-chhioh) (Min Nan)
- 鮮活 / 鲜活 (xiānhuó)
- 鮮潤 / 鲜润
- 鮮眉亮眼 / 鲜眉亮眼
- 鮮紅 / 鲜红 (xiānhóng)
- 鮮美 / 鲜美 (xiānměi)
- 鮮翠 / 鲜翠 (xiāncuì)
- 鮮肉 / 鲜肉 (xiānròu)
- 鮮花 / 鲜花 (xiānhuā)
- 鮮血 / 鲜血 (xiānxuè)
- 鮮血淋漓 / 鲜血淋漓 (xiānxuèlínlí)
- 鮮衣美食 / 鲜衣美食
- 鮮豔 / 鲜艳 (xiānyàn)
- 鮮豔奪目 / 鲜艳夺目
- 鮮貨 / 鲜货
- 鮮車怒馬 / 鲜车怒马
- 鮮食 / 鲜食
- 鮮飾 / 鲜饰
- 鮮麗 / 鲜丽 (xiānlì)
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: tươi
Etymology 2
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sin2
- Eastern Min (BUC): siēng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎn
- Wade–Giles: hsien3
- Yale: syǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shean
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin2
- Yale: sín
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin2
- Guangdong Romanization: xin2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sjenX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s][e]rʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*senʔ/
Definitions
鮮
- rare; little; few
- 量力而動,其過鮮矣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
- Liànglì ér dòng, qí guò xiǎn yǐ. [Pinyin]
- If one weighs one’s strength and then acts, one’s errors will be few.
量力而动,其过鲜矣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- rarely; infrequently
- 子曰:「巧言令色,鮮矣仁!」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Qiǎoyánlìngsè, xiǎn yǐ rén!” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue!"
子曰:「巧言令色,鲜矣仁!」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- to lack; to be short of
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 巘 / 𪩘 (yǎn, “the top of a mountain; cliff; small mountain”)
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
- Wade–Giles: hsien4
- Yale: syàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin3
- Yale: sin
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin3
- Guangdong Romanization: xin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sjenH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sens/
Definitions
鮮
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 獻 / 献 (“to offer; to present”)
Compounds
- 惠鮮 / 惠鲜
Further reading
- “鮮”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- “鮮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “鲜(新~)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 214.
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Japanese
Kanji
鮮
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
- 新鮮 (shinsen)
- 鮮衣 (sen'i)
- 鮮花 (senka)
- 鮮華 (senka)
- 鮮暉 (senki)
- 鮮輝 (senki)
- 鮮魚 (sengyo)
- 鮮血 (senketsu)
- 鮮潔 (senketsu)
- 鮮妍 (senken)
- 鮮好 (senkō)
- 鮮少 (senshō)
- 鮮色 (senshoku)
- 鮮食 (senshoku)
- 鮮飾 (senshoku)
- 鮮新 (senshin)
- 鮮盛 (sensei)
- 鮮腆 (senten)
- 鮮白 (senbyaku)
- 鮮美 (senbi)
- 鮮媚 (senbi)
- 鮮肥 (senpi)
- 鮮卑 (Senpi)
- 鮮明 (senmei)
- 鮮耀 (sen'yō)
- 鮮麗 (senrei)
- 朝鮮 (Chōsen)
- 白鮮 (hakusen)
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 鮮 (MC sjen|sjenX|sjenH).
Pronunciation
Affix
Korean
Hanja
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
鮮: Hán Nôm readings: tiên, tắn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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