Indo-Caribbeans
Caribbean people of Indian descent / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Indo-Caribbeans or Indian-Caribbeans are people in the Caribbean who are descendants of the Jahaji indentured laborers from India and the wider subcontinent, who were brought by the British, Dutch, and French during the colonial era from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. A minority of them are descendants from people who immigrated as entrepreneurs, businesspeople, merchants, engineers, doctors, religious leaders and other professional occupations beginning in the mid-20th century.
Total population | |
---|---|
c. 1.5 million | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 468,524 (a plurality of the population)[1] |
Guyana | 297,493 (a plurality of the population)[2] = [3] |
Netherlands | 200,000 (Indo-Caribbeans in the Netherlands)[4] |
Suriname | 148,443 (a plurality of the population) |
Canada | 100,000 (Indo-Caribbean Canadians)[3] |
Martinique | 36,123[5] |
Guadeloupe | 35,617[6] |
United Kingdom | 25,000 (British Indo-Caribbeans)[3] |
Jamaica | 21,584[7] |
French Guiana | 12,000 |
Belize | 7,600 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 5,900 |
Saint Lucia | 5,200 |
Puerto Rico | 4,100 |
Barbados | 4,000 |
Grenada | 3,900 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1,500 |
Cayman Islands | 1,437[8] |
British Virgin Islands | 1,100 |
U.S. Virgin Islands | 1,000 |
Haiti | 580[9] |
Bahamas | 300[10] |
Dominican Republic | 54[11] |
Languages | |
Colonial Languages: Indian Languages:
Languages spoken by more recent immigrants: | |
Religion | |
Majority: Significant Minority: Other Minority: | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Most Indo-Caribbean people live in the English-speaking Caribbean nations, the Dutch-speaking Suriname and the French overseas departments of Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana, with smaller numbers in other Caribbean countries and, following further migration, in North America and Europe.
Indo-Caribbean people may also be referred to as Caribbean Indians, East Indian West Indians,[lower-alpha 1] Caribbean Hindustanis, South Asian Caribbeans,[19] or Caribbean Desis,[20] while first-generation Indo-Caribbeans were called Girmitya, Desi, Hindustani, Kantraki, Mulki (m.) / Mulkin (f.),[21] or Jahaji (m.) / Jahajin (f.). Coolie, meaning hired laborer, was used in the plantation society of the late 19th to early 20th century, however in the present-day it is considered a derogatory way to refer to Indo-Caribbeans and is considered a pejorative.[22]