虞

虞 U+865E, 虞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-865E ← 虝 [U+865D] CJK Unified Ideographs 號 → [U+865F]

Translingual

Han character

虞 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜心口一大 (YPRMK) or 卜心口女大 (YPRVK), four-corner 2128₁, composition ⿸虍吳(HTKV) or ⿸虍呉(J) or ⿸虍吴(G))

Derived characters

• 噳, 澞, 𡑾, 𡢢, 𪝭, 𪩽, 𦾚, 𥵂, 𩦢, 鸆, 𪋬

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1074, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32723
• Dae Jaweon: page 1543, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2827, character 2
• Unihan data for U+865E

Chinese

trad.		虞
simp. #		虞
alternative forms		𠈌 ancient form 𩦢 partial 𮓥 historical variant

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 虞朝 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 虞姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 有虞氏 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虞
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (吳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
吳	*ŋʷaː
蜈	*ŋʷaː
鋘	*ŋʷaː, *ŋʷraː
麌	*ŋʷaː, *ŋʷaʔ
祦	*ŋaː
誤	*ŋʷaːs
悞	*ŋʷaːs
娛	*ŋʷaːs, *ŋʷa
虞	*ŋʷa
澞	*ŋʷa
鸆	*ŋʷa
俁	*ŋʷaʔ
噳	*ŋʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋʷa): semantic 虍 (“tiger”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yú (yu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngû

  (Hailu, HRS): ngi

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̀
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yú
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yú
    • Wade–Giles: yü²
    • Yale: yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴
    • Yale: yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngû
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngi
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̀
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋy⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gy²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gy²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû
    • Tâi-lô: gû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: guu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngju

Rime
Character	虞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	遇俱切
Baxter	ngju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋio/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuə̆/
Li Rong	/ŋio/
Wang Li	/ŋĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虞	虞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ ngju ›	‹ ngju ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/	/*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/
English	foresee	gamester; forester
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虞
Reading #	1/1
No.	13103
Phonetic component	吴
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷa/

Definitions

虞

1. (obsolete) zouyu, an ancient legendary creature, also known as 騶虞／驺虞 (zōuyú)
2. (historical) an ancient officer in charge of managing forests and hunting grounds

   • 即鹿无虞，以縱禽也。君子舍之，往吝窮也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     即鹿无虞，以纵禽也。君子舍之，往吝穷也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Jí lù wú yú, yǐ zòng qín yě. Jūnzǐ shè zhī, wǎng lìn qióng yě. [Pinyin]

     'One pursues the deer without the (guidance of the) forester:' - (he does so) in (his eagerness to) follow the game. 'The superior man gives up the chase, (knowing that) if he go forward he will regret it:' - he would be reduced to extremity.

3. (literary) to predict; to guess; to foresee

   • 虜不虞軍至，因大潰。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     虏不虞军至，因大溃。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The New Book of Tang, 1060 CE

     Lǔ bù yú jūn zhì, yīn dà kuì. [Pinyin]

     The enemies did not anticipate the armies' arrival, so they were utterly routed.

4. (literary) to be concerned about; to worry

   • 無貳無虞、上帝臨女。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     无贰无虞、上帝临女。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wú'èr wúyú, Shàngdì lín rǔ. [Pinyin]

     Have no doubts, no anxieties; God is with you.'

   • 天運合回，丞相遷回長安，方可無虞。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     天运合回，丞相迁回长安，方可无虞。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE

     Tiānyùn héhuí, chéngxiàng qiān huí Cháng'ān, fāng kě wúyú. [Pinyin]

     Our fate has come full circle; the chancellor [Dong Zhuo] must move back to Chang'an so as to have no worries.

5. (literary) to deceive; to fool; to cheat

   爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈  ―  ěryúwǒzhà  ―  to deceive each other

   • 盟曰：「我無爾詐，爾無我虞。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     盟曰：「我无尔诈，尔无我虞。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Méng yuē: “Wǒ wú ěr zhà, ěr wú wǒ yú.” [Pinyin]

     The covenant said, “We shall not defraud you, and you shall not deceive us.

6. alternative form of 娛 / 娱 (“enjoyment; pleasure”)

   • 霸者之民，驩虞如也；王者之民，皞皞如也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     霸者之民，欢虞如也；王者之民，皞皞如也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Bàzhě zhī mín, huānyú rú yě; wángzhě zhī mín, hàohào rú yě. [Pinyin]

     Under a chief, leading all the princes, the people look brisk and cheerful. Under a true sovereign, they have an air of deep contentment.

7. a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty that could have existed prior to the Xia dynasty, founded by Shun

   • 《記》曰：「虞、夏、商、周，有師保，有疑丞。設四輔及三公。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     《记》曰：「虞、夏、商、周，有师保，有疑丞。设四辅及三公。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     “Jì” yuē: “Yú, xià, shāng, zhōu, yǒu shībǎo, yǒu yíchéng. Shè sì fǔ jí sāngōng.” [Pinyin]

     The history says, ‘Under the dynasties of Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou, there were the master, the guardian, the Yi, and the Cheng, and there were appointed the four aides and the three ducal ministers.’

8. an ancient state during the Western Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Pinglu County, Shanxi
9. (～日) (telegraphy) the seventh day of a month
10. a surname

Compounds

• 不虞 (bùyú)
• 不虞之譽 / 不虞之誉 (bùyúzhīyù)
• 不虞之隙
• 不虞匱乏 / 不虞匮乏
• 即鹿無虞 / 即鹿无虞
• 吉慶無虞 / 吉庆无虞
• 唐虞 (Táng-Yú)
• 堪虞 (kānyú)
• 後果堪虞 / 后果堪虞
• 後顧之虞 / 后顾之虞
• 憂虞 / 忧虞 (yōuyú)
• 暮虢朝虞
• 有虞氏
• 歐虞體 / 欧虞体
• 永保無虞 / 永保无虞
• 泣別虞姬 / 泣别虞姬
• 火虞
• 無虞 / 无虞 (wúyú)
• 爾虞我詐 / 尔虞我诈 (ěryúwǒzhà)
• 爾詐我虞 / 尔诈我虞
• 疏虞
• 自虞
• 艱虞 / 艰虞
• 虞人
• 虞候
• 虞夏 (Yúxià)
• 虞姬
• 虞山
• 虞山派
• 虞歌決別 / 虞歌决别
• 虞淵 / 虞渊
• 虞犯少年
• 虞祭
• 虞美人 (yúměirén)
• 虞舜
• 虞芮之訟 / 虞芮之讼
• 虢滅虞亡 / 虢灭虞亡
• 騶虞 / 驺虞 (zōuyú)
• 高枕不虞
• 高枕無虞 / 高枕无虞