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犬
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Alternative forms
- 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.
Han character
犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition ⿺大丶)
- Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
- Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
- Unihan data for U+72AC
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).
This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qyon3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qye1
- Northern Min (KCR): kṳǐng
- Eastern Min (BUC): kēng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): koeng3 / kyoeng3 / kieng3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5chioe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qye3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: quǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyuǎn
- Wade–Giles: chʻüan3
- Yale: chywǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheuan
- Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: quan3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuan
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: hyun2
- Yale: hyún
- Cantonese Pinyin: hyn2
- Guangdong Romanization: hün2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hyːn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hun2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hun⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qyon3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
- Hakka Romanization System: kienˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khián
- Hakka Romanization System: kianˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kienˊ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰien²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qye1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳǐng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰyiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛiŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: koeng3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kê̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰœŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: koeng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰœŋ³³²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kyoeng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰyøŋ³³²/
- (Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kieng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰieŋ³³²/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
- kiang2 - Shantou.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: khwenX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeːnʔ/
Definitions
犬
- (formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog
- 警犬 ― jǐngquǎn ― police dog
- 效馬效羊者右牽之；效犬者左牽之。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Xiào mǎ xiào yáng zhě yòu qiān zhī; xiào quǎn zhě zuǒ qiān zhī. [Pinyin]
- He who is presenting a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand. He who is presenting a dog should lead it with his left hand.
效马效羊者右牵之；效犬者左牵之。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
Synonyms
Compounds
- 使犬 (Shǐquǎn)
- 北極犬 / 北极犬
- 反犬旁 (fǎnquǎnpáng)
- 反犬旁兒 / 反犬旁儿 (fǎnquǎnpángr)
- 名犬
- 哮天犬 (Xiàotiānquǎn)
- 喪家之犬 / 丧家之犬 (sàngjiāzhīquǎn)
- 嚮導犬 / 向导犬
- 土雞瓦犬 / 土鸡瓦犬
- 大犬星座
- 尋回犬 / 寻回犬 (xúnhuíquǎn)
- 小犬 (xiǎoquǎn)
- 德國狼犬 / 德国狼犬
- 惡犬 / 恶犬 (èquǎn)
- 悲犬咸陽
- 放鷹逐犬 / 放鹰逐犬
- 東門黃犬 / 东门黄犬
- 柴犬 (cháiquǎn)
- 桀犬吠堯 / 桀犬吠尧
- 淮南雞犬 / 淮南鸡犬
- 烹犬藏弓
- 牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn)
- 犬不夜吠
- 犬儒學派 / 犬儒学派
- 犬兔俱斃 / 犬兔俱毙
- 犬吠之盜 / 犬吠之盗
- 犬吠之警
- 犬子 (quǎnzǐ)
- 犬彘
- 犬彘之食
- 犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
- 犬母
- 犬牙 (quǎnyá)
- 犬牙交錯 / 犬牙交错 (quǎnyájiāocuò)
- 犬牙差互
- 犬牙盤石 / 犬牙盘石
- 犬牙相制
- 犬牙相臨 / 犬牙相临
- 犬牙相錯 / 犬牙相错
- 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
- 犬馬 / 犬马 (quǎnmǎ)
- 犬馬之力 / 犬马之力 (quǎnmǎzhīlì)
- 犬馬之勞 / 犬马之劳 (quǎnmǎzhīláo)
- 犬馬之命 / 犬马之命
- 犬馬之報 / 犬马之报 (quǎnmǎzhībào)
- 犬馬之年 / 犬马之年
- 犬馬之心 / 犬马之心
- 犬馬之戀 / 犬马之恋
- 犬馬之疾 / 犬马之疾
- 犬馬之養 / 犬马之养
- 犬馬戀主 / 犬马恋主
- 犬馬齒殲 / 犬马齿歼
- 犬馬齒窮 / 犬马齿穷
- 犬馬齒索 / 犬马齿索
- 犬齒 / 犬齿 (quǎnchǐ)
- 狂犬病 (kuángquǎnbìng)
- 狼犬
- 獒犬
- 獵犬 / 猎犬 (lièquǎn)
- 獵犬座 / 猎犬座 (Lièquǎnzuò)
- 畫虎成犬 / 画虎成犬
- 畫虎類犬 / 画虎类犬 (huàhǔlèiquǎn)
- 盧犬 / 卢犬
- 粵犬吠雪 / 粤犬吠雪
- 義犬 / 义犬
- 聲色犬馬 / 声色犬马 (shēngsèquǎnmǎ)
- 臺灣犬 / 台湾犬
- 蜀犬吠日 (shǔquǎnfèirì)
- 蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)
- 見兔顧犬 / 见兔顾犬
- 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)
- 豚兒犬子 / 豚儿犬子
- 豚犬 (túnquǎn)
- 越犬吠雪
- 跖犬吠堯 / 跖犬吠尧
- 軍犬 / 军犬 (jūnquǎn)
- 邑犬群吠
- 野犬 (yěquǎn)
- 陶犬瓦雞 / 陶犬瓦鸡
- 雞犬不寧 / 鸡犬不宁 (jīquǎnbùníng)
- 雞犬不留 / 鸡犬不留
- 雞犬不驚 / 鸡犬不惊 (jīquǎnbùjīng)
- 雞犬俱升 / 鸡犬俱升
- 雞犬升天 / 鸡犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
- 雞犬桑麻 / 鸡犬桑麻
- 雞犬皆仙 / 鸡犬皆仙
- 雞犬相聞 / 鸡犬相闻
- 雞鳴犬吠 / 鸡鸣犬吠
- 雪橇犬 (xuěqiāoquǎn)
- 顧犬補牢 / 顾犬补牢
- 飛鷹走犬 / 飞鹰走犬
- 驢鳴犬吠 / 驴鸣犬吠
- 鬆獅犬 / 松狮犬 (sōngshīquǎn)
- 鬥犬 / 斗犬
- 鷹犬 / 鹰犬 (yīngquǎn)
- 黃犬音 / 黄犬音
Descendants
- Bai: *qʰuaŋ²
References
- “犬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “犬”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 230.
Further reading
- Victor Mair, "Of dogs and Old Sinitic reconstructions" on Language Log (March 7, 2018)
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