輸

See also: 输 and 輪

輸 U+8F38, 輸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F38 ← 輷 [U+8F37] CJK Unified Ideographs 輹 → [U+8F39]

輸 U+FAC2, 輸 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAC2 ← 贈 [U+FAC1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 遲 → [U+FAC3]

輸 U+2F9DF, 輸 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DF ← 軔 [U+2F9DE] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𨗒 → [U+2F9E0]

Translingual

Han character

輸 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一弓 (JJOMN), four-corner 5802₁, composition ⿰車俞(GHTJV or U+FAC2) or ⿰車兪(K or U+2F9DF))

Derived characters

• 𭌋, 瀭, 𪿐

Related characters

• 输 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1246, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38438
• Dae Jaweon: page 1723, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3546, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8F38

• Unihan data for U+FAC2

• Unihan data for U+2F9DF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 輸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (俞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
褕	*low, *lo
偷	*l̥ʰoː
媮	*l̥ʰoː, *lo
鍮	*l̥ʰoː
緰	*l'oː, *slo
牏	*l'oː, *l'os, *lo
揄	*l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo
窬	*l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo
歈	*l'oː, *lo
俞	*l̥ʰus, *lo
隃	*slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo
毹	*sro
輸	*hljo, *hljos
鄃	*hljo, *lo
腧	*hljos
逾	*lo
榆	*lo
愉	*lo
渝	*lo
瑜	*lo
蕍	*lo
覦	*lo, *los
蝓	*lo
踰	*lo
崳	*lo
羭	*lo
堬	*lo
瘉	*lo, *loʔ
萮	*lo
騟	*lo
愈	*loʔ
貐	*loʔ
喻	*los
諭	*los

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljo, *hljos): semantic 車 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		輸
simp.		输
2nd round simp.		𰹰
alternative forms		⿱亼𨊸／⿱亼䢁 ⿰車𬾮

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shū (shu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sû

  (Hailu, HRS): shu^ˋ

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): shu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆ / suŏ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sou¹ / sy¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su

  (Teochew, Peng'im): su¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shū
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shu
    • Wade–Giles: shu¹
    • Yale: shū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: syu¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: su^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /su²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃu⁵³/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: shu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃu³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆ / suŏ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy⁵⁵/, /suo⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sou¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: so
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔu⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔu⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sy¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬy⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬy⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

• sou1 - vernacular;
• sy1 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: su¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: su
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹sy
    • MiniDict: sy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: syu

Rime
Character	輸
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式朱切
Baxter	syu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕio/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuə̆/
Li Rong	/ɕio/
Wang Li	/ɕĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥o/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljo/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	輸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shū
Middle Chinese	‹ syu ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥o/
English	convey (v.); lose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	輸
Reading #	1/2
No.	15847
Phonetic component	俞
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	輸
Old Chinese	/*hljo/

Definitions

輸

1. to transport; to carry; to haul

   運輸／运输  ―  yùn shū  ―  to transport

   • 晉饑，秦輸之粟；秦饑，晉閉之糴，故秦伯伐晉。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     晋饥，秦输之粟；秦饥，晋闭之籴，故秦伯伐晋。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jìn jī, qín shū zhī sù; qín jī, jìn bì zhī dí, gù qín bó fá jìn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. to lose; to be beaten; to be defeated

   Synonym: 敗 / 败 (bài)

   Antonym: 贏 / 赢 (yíng)

   輸給一個小孩／输给一个小孩  ―  shū gěi yīge xiǎohái  ―  to lose to a child

   輸畀個細路／输畀个细路 [Cantonese]  ―  syu¹ bei² go³ sai³ lou⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to lose to a child

   • 智者竭其智，勇者奮其勇，富者輸其財，舉國一致，眾志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     智者竭其智，勇者奋其勇，富者输其财，举国一致，众志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1915: 李大釗 (Li Dazhao) 《警告全國父老書》 (A Letter of Warning to All the Elders of the Country)

     Zhì zhě jié qí zhì, yǒng zhě fèn qí yǒng, fù zhě shū qí cái, jǔ guó yīzhì, zhòngzhìchéngchéng. [Pinyin]

     The wise exhaust their wisdom; the brave consume their bravery; the wealthy lose their wealth; [when] the entire country shares a common goal, the will of the masses forge a stronghold.

3. (literary) to donate; to contribute

   輸誠／输诚  ―  shū chéng  ―  to contribute/express sincerity

   輸財助邊／输财助边  ―  shū cái zhù biān  ―  to donate money for border defence

   • 大家牛車，小家擔負，輸租繈屬不絕，課更以最上。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     大家牛车，小家担负，输租襁属不绝，课更以最上。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Taiping Yulan (Readings of the Taiping Era), 977 – 983 CE

     Dàjiā niúchē, xiǎojiā dānfù, shū zū qiǎng shǔ bùjué, kè gèng yǐ zuìshàng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 侍郎宋德宜奏稱捐輸三載，所入二百餘萬，知縣最多，計五百餘人。 [MSC, trad.]
     侍郎宋德宜奏称捐输三载，所入二百余万，知县最多，计五百余人。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 《清稗類鈔·度支類·捐輸始於開國》 (Anthology of Petty Qing Matters)

     Shìláng Sòngdéyí zòu chēng juān shū sān zǎi, suǒ rù èrbǎi yú wàn, zhīxiàn zuìduō, jì wǔbǎi yú rén. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. a surname

Compounds

• 不服輸 / 不服输
• 不見輸贏 / 不见输赢
• 不輸 / 不输
• 伏輸 / 伏输 (fúshū)
• 傳輸 / 传输 (chuánshū)
• 全血輸血 / 全血输血
• 公路運輸 / 公路运输
• 公輸 / 公输
• 公輸子 / 公输子
• 公輸般 / 公输般
• 利益輸送 / 利益输送
• 十賭九輸 / 十赌九输 (shídǔjiǔshū)
• 反輸一帖 / 反输一帖
• 同步傳輸 / 同步传输
• 問輸 / 问输
• 均輸 / 均输
• 大敗虧輸 / 大败亏输
• 大眾運輸 / 大众运输
• 平行輸入 / 平行输入
• 手寫輸入 / 手写输入
• 打輸 / 打输
• 捐輸 / 捐输
• 整廠輸出 / 整厂输出
• 𣍐輸 / 𫧃输 (bē-su)
• 服輸 / 服输 (fúshū)
• 樂輸 / 乐输
• 灌輸 / 灌输 (guànshū)
• 自體輸血 / 自体输血
• 虧輸 / 亏输
• 袂輸 / 袂输 (bē-su)
• 詐敗佯輸 / 诈败佯输
• 認輸 / 认输 (rènshū)
• 資料傳輸 / 资料传输
• 輸不起 / 输不起 (shūbùqǐ)
• 輸入 / 输入 (shūrù)
• 輸入法 / 输入法 (shūrùfǎ)
• 輸出 / 输出 (shūchū)
• 輸卵管 / 输卵管 (shūluǎnguǎn)
• 輸家 / 输家 (shūjiā)
• 輸實 / 输实
• 輸寫 / 输写
• 輸將 / 输将
• 輸尿管 / 输尿管 (shūniàoguǎn)
• 輸征
• 輸心 / 输心
• 輸捐 / 输捐
• 輸服甘結 / 输服甘结
• 輸氧 / 输氧 (shūyǎng)
• 輸油管 / 输油管
• 輸液 / 输液 (shūyè)
• 輸理 / 输理 (shūlǐ)
• 輸精管 / 输精管 (shūjīngguǎn)
• 輸糧 / 输粮
• 輸肝剖膽 / 输肝剖胆
• 輸肝瀝膽 / 输肝沥胆
• 輸血 / 输血 (shūxuè)
• 輸誠 / 输诚 (shūchéng)
• 輸財助邊 / 输财助边
• 輸贏 / 输赢 (shūyíng)
• 輸身 / 输身
• 輸送 / 输送 (shūsòng)
• 輸送帶 / 输送带 (shūsòngdài)
• 輸錢 / 输钱
• 輸電 / 输电 (shūdiàn)
• 運輸 / 运输 (yùnshū)
• 運輸工具 / 运输工具
• 運輸成本 / 运输成本
• 運輸業 / 运输业 (yùnshūyè)
• 運輸機 / 运输机 (yùnshūjī)
• 運輸費 / 运输费

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: thua (“to lose”)

Pronunciation 2

trad.		輸
simp.		输

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴
    • Yale: shù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: syu³
    • Yale: syu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: syuH

Rime
Character	輸
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	傷遇切
Baxter	syuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨoH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕioH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕioH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuə̆H/
Li Rong	/ɕioH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljos/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	輸
Reading #	2/2
No.	15851
Phonetic component	俞
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	戍
Old Chinese	/*hljos/

Definitions

輸

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) present, gift, donation
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 腧 (“acupoint”)

Compounds

• 樂輸 / 乐输
• 送輸 / 送输

References

• “輸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “输”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 595.