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末
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
末 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木十 (DJ), four-corner 50900, composition ⿻一木)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14420
- Dae Jaweon: page 891, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1150, character 2
- Unihan data for U+672B
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogram (指事): a tree (木) with its top highlighted with an extra stroke, implying the meaning of “apex”; contrast 本, 朱.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mut6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): muòi / mŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): muăk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): puei7 / buah7 / buoh7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8meq / 8moq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mò
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mò
- Wade–Giles: mo4
- Yale: mwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
- Palladius: мо (mo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (末兒 / 末儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mòr
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mòr
- Wade–Giles: mo4-ʼrh
- Yale: mòr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moll
- Palladius: мор (mor)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu̯ɔɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mut6
- Yale: muht
- Cantonese Pinyin: mut9
- Guangdong Romanization: mud6
- Sinological IPA (key): /muːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: mad
- Hagfa Pinyim: mad6
- Sinological IPA: /mat̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: madˋ
- Sinological IPA: /mat²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: muòi / mŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /muɛ⁴²/, /mɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: muăk
- Sinological IPA (key): /muaʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: puei7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: po̍ih
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuei¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: puei7
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuei²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: buah7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bua̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /puaʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: buoh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /puoʔ⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- puei7 - vernacular;
- buah7/buoh7 - literary.
- boa̍h - vernacular (“powder”);
- boa̍t - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhuah8 / muêg8 / muag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bua̍h / mue̍k / mua̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /buaʔ⁴/, /muek̚⁴/, /muak̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- bhuah8 - vernacular;
- muêg8, muag8 - literary.
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: mat
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤat/
- (Zhengzhang): /*maːd/
Definitions
末
- tip; treetop
- 末梢 ― mòshāo ― tip; end
- 明足以察秋毫之末，而不見輿薪。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Míng zúyǐ chá qiūháo zhī mò, ér bùjiàn yúxīn. [Pinyin]
- [M]y eyesight is sharp enough to examine the point of an autumn hair, but I do not see a cart-load of firewood.
明足以察秋毫之末，而不见舆薪。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (by extension) effect; result
- 本末 ― běnmò ― cause and effect
- late or the last stage; conclusion; close
- final; the last; concluding; closing; terminal
- insignificant; trivial; inferior; low-priority; low-class
- powder; fine particulate matter
- 粉末 ― fěnmò ― powder
- (literary, dated) not; none; no (negative indicator)
- 子曰：「不曰『如之何如之何』者，吾末如之何也已矣。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Bù yuē ‘rúzhīhé rúzhīhé’ zhě, wú mò rúzhīhé yě yǐ yǐ.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "When a man is not in the habit of saying, 'What shall I think of this? What shall I think of this?' I can indeed do nothing with him."
- 末不亦樂乎堯舜之知君子也？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Mò bùyì lèhū Yáoshùn zhī zhī Jūnzǐ yě? [Pinyin]
- Is it not (literally, a double negative) also a joyful truth, that the ancient sages like Yao and Shun had known that a Noble One would go on to keep their teachings alive?
末不亦乐乎尧舜之知君子也？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- mo (a category of male roles in traditional Chinese theatre and opera)
Compounds
- 三梢末尾
- 且末
- 世界末日 (shìjiè mòrì)
- 世紀末 / 世纪末 (shìjìmò)
- 么末
- 凶終隙末
- 切末
- 副末
- 務本抑末 / 务本抑末
- 卑末
- 去本就末
- 四末
- 外末
- 天末
- 天末涼風 / 天末凉风
- 始末 (shǐmò)
- 姻末
- 封胡羯末
- 封胡遏末
- 小末
- 岑樓齊末 / 岑楼齐末
- 崇本抑末
- 底末
- 弩末
- 強弩之末 / 强弩之末 (qiángnǔzhīmò)
- 彊弩之末 / 强弩之末 (qiángnǔzhīmò)
- 彊本弱末 / 强本弱末
- 微末 (wēimò)
- 忝在愛末 / 忝在爱末
- 捨本逐末 / 舍本逐末 (shěběnzhúmò)
- 損本逐末 / 损本逐末
- 敬陪末坐
- 敬陪末座
- 晚節末路 / 晚节末路
- 月末 (yuèmò)
- 期末考 (qīmòkǎo)
- 末上
- 末世 (mòshì)
- 末世論 / 末世论 (mòshìlùn)
- 末了 (mòliǎo)
- 末事
- 末代 (mòdài)
- 末代皇帝
- 末伏
- 末作
- 末位 (mòwèi)
- 末俗 (mòsú)
- 末光
- 末兒 / 末儿 (mòr)
- 本同末異 / 本同末异
- 末命
- 末堂
- 末大不掉
- 末大必折
- 末奈何
- 末如之何
- 末娘
- 末子 (mòzi)
- 末子堆
- 末學 / 末学 (mòxué)
- 末學膚受 / 末学肤受
- 末官
- 末尾 (mòwěi)
- 末尾三梢
- 末尾三稍
- 末席
- 末年 (mònián)
- 末座
- 末後 / 末后 (mòhòu)
- 末技
- 末日 (mòrì)
- 末期 (mòqī)
- 本末 (běnmò)
- 本末不稱 / 本末不称
- 末末了
- 本末倒置 (běnmòdàozhì)
- 本末有序
- 本末舛逆
- 本末顛倒 / 本末颠倒 (běnmòdiāndǎo)
- 末杪年
- 末梢 (mòshāo)
- 末梢神經 / 末梢神经
- 末梢頭 / 末梢头
- 末民
- 末法
- 末泥
- 末流 (mòliú)
- 末浪
- 末班車 / 末班车 (mòbānchē)
- 末異 / 末异
- 末疾
- 末站
- 末端 (mòduān)
- 末等
- 末節 / 末节 (mòjié)
- 末節細行 / 末节细行
- 末耐何
- 末腳 / 末脚
- 末臣
- 末著
- 末葉 / 末叶 (mòyè)
- 末藝 / 末艺 (mòyì)
- 末行
- 末議 / 末议
- 末路 (mòlù)
- 末路之難 / 末路之难
- 末路人
- 末路窮途 / 末路穷途
- 末躬
- 末造 (mòzào)
- 末過 / 末过
- 末那
- 末項 / 末项 (mòxiàng)
- 桑榆末景
- 棄本逐末 / 弃本逐末
- 正末
- 歲末 / 岁末 (suìmò)
- 殘燈末廟 / 残灯末庙
- 毫末
- 毫末之利
- 沖末 / 冲末
- 浮末
- 煤末
- 片長末技 / 片长末技
- 眇天末
- 砌末
- 研末
- 磨末器
- 神經末梢 / 神经末梢 (shénjīng mòshāo)
- 秋毫之末
- 窮途末路 / 穷途末路 (qióngtúmòlù)
- 篤篤末末 / 笃笃末末
- 粉末 (fěnmò)
- 細微末節 / 细微末节 (xìwēimòjié)
- 終末 / 终末 (zhōngmò)
- 細枝末節 / 细枝末节 (xìzhīmòjié)
- 結末 / 结末 (jiémò)
- 繁文末節 / 繁文末节
- 背本爭末 / 背本争末
- 背本趨末 / 背本趋末
- 舍本事末
- 舍本問末 / 舍本问末
- 芥末
- 英雄末路
- 茶末
- 茶葉末 / 茶叶末
- 莩末
- 落末
- 葭莩之末
- 藥末 / 药末 (yàomò)
- 蘋末 / 𬞟末
- 蘭花末兒 / 兰花末儿
- 起末
- 趨末背本 / 趋末背本
- 逐末
- 逐末捨本 / 逐末舍本
- 週末 / 周末 (zhōumò)
- 週末效應 / 周末效应
- 那末 (nàme)
- 醜末 / 丑末
- 錐刀之末 / 锥刀之末
- 鋸末 / 锯末 (jùmò)
- 頭上末下 / 头上末下
- 顛末 / 颠末 (diānmò)
- 高末兒 / 高末儿
- 麥末 / 麦末
Etymology 2
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: me
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄇㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: me̊
- Wade–Giles: mê5
- Yale: me
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .me
- Palladius: мэ (mɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mə/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Dialectal data
Definitions
末
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
末 (Northern Wu)
- Used to mark a conditional subordinate clause.
- Used to mark the topic in a topic-comment construction.
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