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花

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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花 U+82B1, 花
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B1
← 芰
[U+82B0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 芲 →
[U+82B2]
花 U+2F993, 花
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F993
← 劳
[U+2F992] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 芳 →
[U+2F994]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...

Han character

See images of 花
(radical 140 + 4)

花 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人心 (TOP), four-corner 44214, composition ⿱艹化)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3181, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+82B1
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 花, Western Zhou ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hʷraː): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls). Originally 𠌶 or 華 before the Han dynasty.

Etymology

Unclear.

Possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin. Schuessler (2007) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːr (“bloom, flower”) and thus an example of possible *b ~ *w variation, with final -r moved to medial position. If so, cognate with 葩 (MC phae); outside Sinitic, compare Burmese ပန်း (pan:), Lepcha ᰓᰫᰲ (búr), Mizo páar, etc. Sagart (2021) also connects it to 葩 (OC *pʰˤra), modifying Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction to *Cə-pʰˤra and proposing the sound changes *Cə-pʰ- > *Cə-ɸ- > *ɸ- > xw-.

Sagart & Baxter (2024) reconstruct 荂 (OC *pʰra) ~ 葩 (OC *pʰˤra) and 荂 (OC *X.pʰra) ~ 花 (OC *X.pʰˤra) (with unknown prefix *X turning labial stops into Middle Chinese fricative initials in 荂 (MC xju) ~ 花 (MC xwae)). Further, they propose cognacy to Proto-Karen *phɔᴬ (“flower”) and reconstruct Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(h)a (“idem”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, they propose cognacy to Proto-Austronesian *pahpah (“flower, petal; leaf”).

Alternatively, from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *bka(ː)ʔ (“flower”) (Schuessler, 2007).

華 (OC *ɡʷraː, “to flower”) is a derivative.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • hoe - vernacular;
    • hoa - literary.
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

花

  1. flower; blossom (Classifier: 朵 m c; 支 m c; 蕊 h mn; 束 m c; 把 m; 盆 m c; 簇 m; 紮／扎 c)
    太陽花／太阳花  ―  tàiyánghuā  ―  sunflower
    開花／开花  ―  kāihuā  ―  to blossom
  2. florid; flowery
    花花綠綠／花花绿绿  ―  huāhualǜlǜ  ―  colorful
  3. pattern; design
    花紋／花纹  ―  huāwén  ―  decorative pattern
  4. blurred
    眼花  ―  yǎnhuā  ―  to have blurred vision
  5. fireworks
    煙花／烟花  ―  yānhuā  ―  fireworks
  6. essence; cream
  7. wound; wounded
  8. short for 天花 (tiānhuā, “smallpox”)
    種花／种花  ―  zhònghuā  ―  to vaccinate against smallpox
  9. courtesan; prostitute
  10. to spend (money, time, etc.); to cost
    這件衣服花了不到一百塊 [MSC, trad.]
    这件衣服花了不到一百块 [MSC, simp.]
    zhè jiàn yīfú huā le bùdào yībǎi kuài [Pinyin]
    This clothing cost less than 100 yuan.
  11. profligate
  12. (slang) randy; lecherous
  13. (slang) to be horny; to womanize
  14. false
  15. (Cantonese) scratched
    佢著咗呢對鞋兩個月就已經花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢着咗呢对鞋两个月就已经花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 zoek3 zo2 ni1 deoi3 haai4 loeng5 go3 jyut6 zau6 ji5 ging1 faa1 saai3 laa3. [Jyutping]
    He's worn the shoes for only two months and they're already all scratched up.
    個底花嗮／个底花嗮 [Cantonese]  ―  go3 dai2 faa1 saai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a bad record
  16. (Cantonese, of images, drawings, patterns, etc.) over-colorful; chaotic; messy
  17. (Cantonese, mahjong) bonus tile (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 檯／台 c)
  18. (Cantonese, card games) flush
  19. (Hong Kong) pip (insignia) (Classifier: 粒 c)
  20. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to extinguish; to put out (of fire)
  21. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to disappear (of a scar)
  22. (dialectal Mandarin, Northern Wu) clipping of 棉花 (“cotton”)
  23. (Shanghainese) to tease
  24. a surname, Hua

Synonyms

  • (flower):
Dialectal synonyms of 花朵 (“flower”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...
  • (to spend time): (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) 使; (Hokkien, Teochew) 開／开
  • (cotton):
Dialectal synonyms of 棉花 (“cotton”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (花):
  • → Japanese: 花(か) (ka)
  • → Korean: 화(花) (hwa)
  • → Vietnamese: hoa (花)

Others:

References

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Japanese

Kikai

Korean

Kunigami

Miyako

Okinawan

Tày

Vietnamese

Yaeyama

Yonaguni

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