Platinum

Platinum, ₇₈Pt

Platinum
Pípè	/ˈplætᵻnəm/ ​(PLAT-ə-nəm)
Ìhànsójú	grayish white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Pt)	195.084(9)[1]
Platinum ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Pd ↑ Pt ↓ Ds iridium ← platinum → gold
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	78
Ẹgbẹ́	group 10
Àyè	àyè 6
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-d
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Transition metal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	solid
Ìgbà ìyọ́	2041.4 K ​(1768.3 °C, ​3214.9 °F)
Ígbà ìhó	4098 K ​(3825 °C, ​6917 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)	21.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	19.77 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	22.17 kJ/mol
Heat of	469 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2330 (2550) 2815 3143 3556 4094
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.28
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	136±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	175 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of platinum
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​(fcc)
Thermal expansion	8.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	71.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	105 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	168 GPa
Shear modulus	61 GPa
Bulk modulus	230 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.38
Mohs hardness	4–4.5
Vickers hardness	549 MPa
Brinell hardness	392 MPa
CAS Number	7440-06-4
Main isotopes of platinum
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 190Pt 0.014% 6.5×1011 y α 3.18 186Os 191Pt syn 2.76 d ε  ? 191Ir 192Pt 0.782% 192Pt is stable with 114 neutrons 193Pt syn 50 y ε  ? 193Ir 193mPt syn 4.33 d IT 0.1355e 193Pt 194Pt 32.967% 194Pt is stable with 116 neutrons 195Pt 33.832% 195Pt is stable with 117 neutrons 195mPt syn 4.02 d IT 0.1297e 195Pt 196Pt 25.242% 196Pt is stable with 118 neutrons 197Pt syn 19.8913 h β− 0.719 197Au 197mPt syn 1.59 h IT 0.3465 197Pt 198Pt 7.163% 198Pt is stable with 120 neutrons
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