篤

See also: 笃

篤 U+7BE4, 篤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BE4 ← 篣 [U+7BE3] CJK Unified Ideographs 篥 → [U+7BE5]

Translingual

Han character

篤 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸手火 (HSQF), four-corner 8832₇, composition ⿱𥫗馬)

Derived characters

• 𡳽, 𩠸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 894, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26344
• Dae Jaweon: page 1321, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2997, character 6
• Unihan data for U+7BE4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 篤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
竺	*tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤	*tuːɡ
竹	*tuɡ
筑	*tuɡ, *duɡ
築	*tuɡ
茿	*tuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːɡ): phonetic 竹 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).

Etymology 1

trad.		篤
simp.		笃
alternative forms		竺 䈞

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tuːk (“deep; thick”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan འཐུག་པ ('thug pa, “thick; deep”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dǔ (du³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): du²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): duk¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): uuk²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tuk

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dug⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): dueh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): dók
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tauh / tok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dog⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷toq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǔ
    • Wade–Giles: tu³
    • Yale: dǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duu
    • Palladius: ду (du)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: du²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: du
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: duk¹
    • Yale: dūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: uuk²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵk̚⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: dug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tuk̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tʊk̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: dueh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuəʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /touʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tauh / tok
    • Tâi-lô: tauh / tok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dauq, dog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tauʔ⁵/, /tɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tauʔ³²/, /tɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷toq
    • MiniDict: toh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴toq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toʔ⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: dou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu̯²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 篤
Mandarin	Beijing	/tu³⁵/
	Harbin	/tu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/tu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/tu²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/tu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tu²¹/
	Xining	/tv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/fu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/təu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/tu³¹/
	Guiyang	/tu²¹³/
	Kunming	/tu³¹/
	Nanjing	/tuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/tuəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuəʔ²/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/tuəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/toʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/toʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/toʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/to²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/tuʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/to⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/təu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/təɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/tuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/tuk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/tuk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tok̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tɔk̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/touʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tu²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tok̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdok̚³/

---

• Middle Chinese: towk

Rime
Character	篤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	沃 (6)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	冬毒切
Baxter	towk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tuok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tawk̚/
Li Rong	/tok̚/
Wang Li	/tuok̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	du
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤuk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	篤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ towk ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁuk/
English	firm, solid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	篤
Reading #	1/1
No.	17587
Phonetic component	竹
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	篤
Old Chinese	/*tuːɡ/

Definitions

篤

1. (literary) honest; sincere; earnest; whole-hearted

   • 言忠信，行篤敬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     言忠信，行笃敬。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yán zhōng xìn, xíng dǔ jìng. [Pinyin]

     Speech that is true and honest, behavior that is sincere and respectful.

2. (literary, of illness) serious; severe; critical
3. (literary) solid; firm; strong; hard
4. (literary) deep; profound
5. (Wu) calm; leisurely; slow
6. a surname

Compounds

• 信篤 / 信笃 (sìn-táu) (Min Nan)
• 力學篤行 / 力学笃行 (lìxuédǔxíng)
• 危篤 / 危笃 (wēidǔ)
• 唔篤 / 唔笃
• 喃喃篤篤 / 喃喃笃笃
• 打篤磨 / 打笃磨
• 打篤磨槎 / 打笃磨槎
• 樸訥誠篤 / 朴讷诚笃
• 滴羞篤速 / 滴羞笃速
• 病篤 / 病笃 (bìngdǔ)
• 的篤戲 / 的笃戏
• 篤信 / 笃信 (dǔxìn)
• 篤信好古 / 笃信好古 (dǔxìnhàogǔ)
• 篤厚 / 笃厚 (dǔhòu)
• 篤坪 / 笃坪 (Dǔpíng)
• 篤學 / 笃学 (dǔxué)
• 篤學好古 / 笃学好古
• 篤定 / 笃定 (dǔdìng)
• 篤實 / 笃实 (dǔshí)
• 篤志 / 笃志 (dǔzhì)
• 篤志好學 / 笃志好学
• 篤志愛古 / 笃志爱古
• 篤念 / 笃念
• 篤悠悠 / 笃悠悠
• 篤愛 / 笃爱
• 篤疾 / 笃疾
• 篤磨 / 笃磨
• 篤篤喃喃 / 笃笃喃喃
• 篤篤寞寞 / 笃笃寞寞
• 篤篤末末 / 笃笃末末
• 篤簌簌 / 笃簌簌
• 篤行 / 笃行 (dǔxíng)
• 篤論 / 笃论
• 篤速 / 笃速
• 篤速速 / 笃速速
• 篤麼 / 笃么
• 純篤 / 纯笃 (chúndǔ)
• 綿篤 / 绵笃
• 誠篤 / 诚笃 (chéngdǔ)

Etymology 2

trad.		篤
simp.		笃
alternative forms		督 厾 𧰵 㧻

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Cognate with Hakka 揰 (túng)?”

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: duk¹
    • Yale: dūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚⁵/

Definitions

篤

1. (Cantonese) to poke; to prod

   篤計數機／笃计数机 [Cantonese]  ―  duk¹ gai³ sou³ gei¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to press a calculator

   做咩攞支筆篤我。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   做咩𫽋支笔笃我。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zou⁶ me¹ lo² zi¹ bat¹ duk¹ ngo⁵. [Jyutping]

   Why did you poke me with a pen?

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 戳 (“to poke”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		擉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		戳
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	戳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	篤, 㓤
	Macau	篤
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	篤
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	㓤
	Foshan	篤
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	篤
	Foshan (Shunde)	篤
	Foshan (Sanshui)	戳
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	戳
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	篤
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	篤
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	篤
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	篤
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	篤
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	篤
	Taishan	篤
	Kaiping (Chikan)	篤
	Enping (Niujiang)	篤
	Heshan (Yayao)	戳
	Dongguan	篤
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	㓤
	Nanning	篤
	Yulin	篤
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	㓤
Hakka	Meixian	⿰㞘刂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	揰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	揰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	揰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	揰
Southern Min	Xiamen	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Quanzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Jinjiang	鑿
	Zhangzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Tainan	鑿 GT, 揬 GT, 拓 GT
	Manila (Hokkien)	鑿
	Shantou	捅
	Puning	𠜙
Wu	Shanghai	戳
	Suzhou	戳
	Wuxi	戳
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

• 篤口篤鼻 / 笃口笃鼻
• 篤波 / 笃波
• 篤灰 / 笃灰
• 篤爆 / 笃爆
• 篤眼篤鼻 / 笃眼笃鼻
• 篤背脊 / 笃背脊

Etymology 3

trad.		篤
simp.		笃
alternative forms		䐁 㞘 𡰪

Cognate with Hakka 䐁 (dug5).

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: duk¹
    • Yale: dūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚⁵/

Definitions

篤

1. (Cantonese) end; bottom

   行到篤就會見到㗎喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   行到笃就会见到㗎喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   haang⁴ dou³ duk¹ zau⁶ wui⁵ gin³ dou^3-2 gaa³ laa³. [Jyutping]

   You will see it when you reach the end [of the path, corridor, etc.].

2. (Cantonese) distant; of the further end

   間舖頭喺條巷最篤嗰度。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   间铺头喺条巷最笃嗰度。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   gaan¹ pou³ tau^4-2 hai² tiu⁴ hong⁶ zeoi³ duk¹ go² dou⁶. [Jyutping]

   The store is at the furthest end of the alley.

Compounds

• 大尾篤 / 大尾笃 (Dàwěidǔ)
• 打爛砂盆問到篤 / 打烂砂盆问到笃

Etymology 4

trad.		篤
simp.		笃
alternative forms		涿

Same etymology as etymology 3 (Mai, 2019).

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: duk¹
    • Yale: dūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚⁵/

Definitions

篤

1. (Cantonese) Classifier for excreta. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Compounds

• 三篤屁 / 三笃屁

Etymology 5

trad.		篤
simp.		笃

Cognate with Shanghainese 拉, as in 阿拉 (“we”), 伊拉 (“they”) (You, 1995).

Pronunciation

• Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): ⁷toq; ⁰toq

---

• Wu
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷toq; ⁰toq
    • MiniDict: toh^入; toh
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /toʔ⁴³/, /toʔ/

Definitions

篤

1. (Suzhounese) Suffix indicating plural for pronouns.

   俉篤／俉笃 [Suzhounese]  ―  ⁶n-toq₀ [Wugniu]  ―  you (plural)

   俚篤／俚笃 [Suzhounese]  ―  ¹li-toq₀ [Wugniu]  ―  they

Compounds

• 你篤 / 你笃
• 俚篤 / 俚笃
• 吾篤 / 吾笃
• 唔篤 / 唔笃

Etymology 6

trad.		篤
simp.		笃

Pronunciation

• Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): ⁷toq

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• Wu
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷toq
    • MiniDict: toh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /toʔ⁴³/

Definitions

篤

1. (Suzhounese, placed after an adjective) very

   好篤／好笃 [Suzhounese]  ―  very good

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
	Taiwan	很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
	Malaysia	很
	Singapore	很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
	Jinan	挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	很
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	很, 好
	Chongqing	很
	Wuhan	蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蠻, 稀, 很
	Hefei	很
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好, 非常之
	Hong Kong	好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	好
	Taishan	好, 十分之
	Yangjiang	好
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	好
	Singapore (Guangfu)	好, 非常之, 非常
Gan	Nanchang	蠻
Hakka	Meixian	好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
	Huidong (Daling)	好
	Wuhua (Meilin)	好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頂
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	好
	Changting	野
	Wuping (Pingyu)	已, 刮
	Liancheng	樣
	Ninghua	好
	Ruijin	蠻
	Shicheng	蠻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蠻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 已, 還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋, 盡, 還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 盡, 已, 還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 已, 還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 已, 還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	足, 真, 實在
	Hong Kong	好
	Sabah (Bao'an)	好
	Kuching (Hepo)	很
	Singapore (Dabu)	好
Jin	Taiyuan	很, 挺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	盡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野, 真
	Singapore (Fuqing)	真
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	真
Southern Min	Xiamen	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	真
	Quanzhou	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
	Jinjiang	野, 萬代
	Zhangzhou	盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
	Zhao'an	很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
	Dongshan	真, 非常
	Taipei	真, 誠
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真, 誠
	Kaohsiung	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Yilan	有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
	Changhua (Lukang)	真, 誠
	Taichung	誠, 蓋, 足
	Tainan	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Hsinchu	真, 誠
	Kinmen	足, 誠
	Penghu (Magong)	真, 誠
	Penang (Hokkien)	真, 誠, 真正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
	Manila (Hokkien)	野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
	Medan (Hokkien)	按呢, 真, 誠, 真正
	Chaozhou	過, 好, 非常, 死爸
	Shantou	過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	好, 死絕
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	好, 非常
	Jieyang	過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	好
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	好
	Singapore (Teochew)	真, 死爸, 非常
	Wenchang	極, 但顧, 真
	Haikou	但顧
	Qionghai	但顧, 真
	Singapore (Hainanese)	但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	好, 蠻
Wu	Shanghai	蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
	Suzhou	蠻, 窮
	Hangzhou	蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
	Ningbo	交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
	Zhoushan	交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
	Wenzhou	蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang	Changsha	很, 蠻
	Shuangfeng	蠻

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 篤

篤

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): とく (toku, Jōyō)
• Kun: あつい (atsui, 篤い)

Proper noun

篤(あつし) • (Atsushi) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

篤 (eumhun 도타울 독 (dotaul dok))

1. hanja form^? of 독 (“deep, true, sincere, genuine”)

Vietnamese

Han character

篤: Hán Nôm readings: đốc, dóc, dốc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.