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班

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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班 U+73ED, 班
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73ED
← 珬
[U+73EC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 珮 →
[U+73EE]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...

Han character

班 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈中土 (MGILG), four-corner 11114, composition ⿲𤣩刂王 or ⿴玨刂)

Derived characters

  • 㿀 𠺚 𢲔 𣗝 𨫄 𩺡 𩔮 𪄕(𪉒) 𦶾 𠞢 𪱟 𬂇 𭨞 𮚽

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 731, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20976
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1142, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1113, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+73ED
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 班, Western Zhou ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (班) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 珏 (“pieces of jade”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut jade to pieces with knife. The pieces of jade appear as a more conservative version 玨. The knife in the middle is well visibile in the conservative variant 𤤻. Unrelated to 师.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ral (“to leave, depart, separate”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲལ་བ (bral ba, “to be separated”), འཕྲལ་བ ('phral ba, “to cause to be separated, to separate”), Miju phɑ̆l⁵³ (“to pull (weeds)”), phɹɯl⁵⁵ lɑ³⁵ (“to collapse”), Thulung phal si- (“to collapse”), Burmese ပြား (pra:, “various”), Jingpho pə³¹-ran³¹.

Karlgren (1933) grouped 班 (OC *praːn), 半 (OC *paːns), and 釆 (OC *brens) into one word family.

Schuessler (2007) also pointed to Austroasiatic comparanda semantically closer to Chinese; such as Khmer រាល (riəl, “to spread, extend, distribute”) and Khmer ព្រាល (priəl, “to spread”) with causative prefix *p-.

Possibly the same etymon as 斑 (OC *praːn, “variegated, spotted, striped”), which may be cognate to 羆 (OC *pral, “brown bear”) (Zhang, 2019).

Pronunciation

Note: ban1* - "(school) class".
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

班

  1. group; party; class
    培訓班／培训班  ―  péixùnbān  ―  training course
    你邊班㗎？／你边班㗎？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 bin1 baan1 gaa3? [Jyutping]  ―  Which class are you in?
    我們班有三十個同學。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们班有三十个同学。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen bān yǒu sānshí ge tóngxué. [Pinyin]
    There are thirty students in our class.
  2. (military) squad
  3. shift; work shift
    上班  ―  shàngbān  ―  to go to work
    晚班  ―  wǎnbān  ―  night shift
  4. (dated) opera troupe
    徽班  ―  Huī bān  ―  Anhui troupe
    班本  ―  bānběn  ―  opera script
  5. (literary) to divide; to distribute
  6. (literary) to spread out
  7. (literary) to rank; to arrange
  8. (literary) rank; grade
  9. (literary) equal; in the same rank
  10. (alt. form 頒／颁) (literary) to promulgate; to issue
  11. Classifier for a group of people.
    有班中學生喺球場度打緊波。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    有班中学生喺球场度打紧波。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jau5 baan1 zung1 hok6 saang1 hai2 kau4 coeng4 dou6 daa2 gan2 bo1. [Jyutping]
    A group of secondary school students are playing ball games in the playground.
  12. Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains.
    下一班車什麼時候到？ [MSC, trad.]
    下一班车什么时候到？ [MSC, simp.]
    Xià yī bān chē shénme shíhou dào? [Pinyin]
    What time is the next bus?
  13. (in compounds, of transport) regular; scheduled
    班船  ―  bānchuán  ―  scheduled ferry
  14. (Cantonese) Classifier for classes.
    我哋一級有五班。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我哋一级有五班。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 dei6 jat1 kap1 jau5 ng5 baan1. [Jyutping]
    We have five classes in each year.
  15. (Cantonese, figurative) league; rank; level; ability; competence
    夠班／够班 [Cantonese]  ―  gau3 baan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to be qualified (literally, “to have enough competence”)
    高班 [Cantonese]  ―  gou1 baan1 [Jyutping]  ―  of high competence
    佢嘅能力同其他人比仲係爭幾班。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢嘅能力同其他人比仲系争几班。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 ge3 nang4 lik6 tung4 kei4 taa1 jan4 bei2 zung6 hai6 zaang1 gei2 baan1. [Jyutping]
    His ability is still several leagues behind others.
  16. (Cantonese) to gather; to assemble
  17. (literary) to withdraw
    班師／班师  ―  bānshī  ―  to withdraw troops
  18. alternative form of 斑 (bān, “spotted; striped”)
  19. a surname
    班固  ―  Bān Gù  ―  Ban Gu (historian)

Usage notes

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (班):
  • → Japanese: 班(はん) (han)
  • → Korean: 반(班) (ban)
  • → Vietnamese: ban (班)

References

  • “班”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “班”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 211.
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Japanese

Korean

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Vietnamese

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