രാസമൂലകങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക |
Z |
പ്രതീകം |
മൂലകം |
പദോൽപ്പത്തി[5][6] |
ഗ്രൂപ്പ് |
പിരീഡ് |
അറ്റോമിക ഭാരം[7][8] (u (±)) |
സാന്ദ്രത (g/cm3) |
ദ്രവണാങ്കം (K) [9] |
ക്വഥനാങ്കം (K) |
C[I] (J/g · K) |
χ[I] |
Abundance in Earth's crust[II] (mg/kg) |
1 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | H | ഹൈഡ്രജൻ | ' ജലത്തെ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നത്' എന്നർത്തം വരുന്ന ഗ്രീക് പദങ്ങളായ ഹൈഡ്രോ- , -ജെൻ എന്നീ പദങ്ങളുടെ സന്ധി | 1 | 1 | 1.008[III][IV][V][VI] | 0.00008988 | 14.01 | 20.28 | 14.304 | 2.20 | 1400 |
2 | He | ഹീലിയം | 'സൂര്യൻ' എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന ഗ്രീക് പദമായ ഹീലിയോസ് | 18 | 1 | 4.002602(2)[III][V] | 0.0001785 | 0.95[VII] | 4.22 | 5.193 | – | 0.008 |
3 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Li | ലിഥിയം | 'കല്ല്' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ഗ്രീക് പദമായ ലിഥോസ് | 1 | 2 | 6.94[III][IV][V][VIII][VI] | 0.534 | 453.69 | 1560 | 3.582 | 0.98 | 20 |
4 | style="background:#ffdead" | Be | ബെറീലിയം | ബെറൈൽ, എന്ന ധാതു | 2 | 2 | 9.0121831(5) | 1.85 | 1560 | 2742 | 1.825 | 1.57 | 2.8 |
5 | B | ബോറോൺ | borax, a mineral | 13 | 2 | 10.81[III][IV][V][VI] | 2.34 | 2349 | 4200 | 1.026 | 2.04 | 10 |
6 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | C | കാർബൺ | കൽക്കരി എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന ലാറ്റിൻ പദം കാർബോ | 14 | 2 | 12.011[III][V][VI] | 2.267 | 3800 | 4300 | 0.709 | 2.55 | 200 |
7 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | N | നൈട്രജൻ | 'നൈറ്റെർ-ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നത് എന്നർത്ഥത്തിൽ ഗ്രീക് പദങ്ങളായ 'നൈട്രോൺ-' '-ജെൻ' എന്നിവയുടെ സന്ധി' | 15 | 2 | 14.007[III][V][VI] | 0.0012506 | 63.15 | 77.36 | 1.04 | 3.04 | 19 |
8 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | O | ഓക്സിജൻ | 'ആസിഡ്-ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നത് എന്നർത്ഥത്തിൽ ഗ്രീക് പദങ്ങളായ 'ഓക്സി-'(ആസിഡ്) '-ജെൻ' എന്നിവയുടെ സന്ധി | 16 | 2 | 15.999[III][V][VI] | 0.001429 | 54.36 | 90.20 | 0.918 | 3.44 | 461000 |
9 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | F | ഫ്ലൂറിൻ | 'ഒഴുകുക' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ലാറ്റിൻ പദമായ ഫ്ലൂറെ | 17 | 2 | 18.998403163(6) | 0.001696 | 53.53 | 85.03 | 0.824 | 3.98 | 585 |
10 | Ne | നിയോൺ | 'പുതിയത്' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ഗ്രീക് പദമായ നിയോസ് | 18 | 2 | 20.1797(6)[III][IV] | 0.0008999 | 24.56 | 27.07 | 1.03 | – | 0.005 |
11 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Na | സോഡിയം | നേട്രിയം എന്ന ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്ക് | 1 | 3 | 22.98976928(2) | 0.971 | 370.87 | 1156 | 1.228 | 0.93 | 23600 |
12 | style="background:#ffdead" | Mg | മഗ്നീഷ്യം | ഗ്രീസിലെ മഗ്നേഷ്യ എന്ന സ്ഥലവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട് | 2 | 3 | 24.305[VI] | 1.738 | 923 | 1363 | 1.023 | 1.31 | 23300 |
13 | style="background:#cccccc" | Al | അലുമിനിയം | അലൂമിന എന്ന സംയുക്തം | 13 | 3 | 26.9815385(7) | 2.698 | 933.47 | 2792 | 0.897 | 1.61 | 82300 |
14 | Si | സിലിക്കൺ | അനലാശ്മത്തിന്റെ ലാറ്റിൻ നാമമായ സിലെക്സ് | 14 | 3 | 28.085[V][VI] | 2.3296 | 1687 | 3538 | 0.705 | 1.9 | 282000 |
15 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | P | ഫോസ്ഫറസ് | 'പ്രകാശം വഹിക്കുന്നത്' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ഗ്രീക് പദമായ ഫൂസ്ഫോറസ് | 15 | 3 | 30.973761998(5) | 1.82 | 317.30 | 550 | 0.769 | 2.19 | 1050 |
16 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | S | ഗന്ധകം | ലാറ്റിൻ പദം സൾഫർ | 16 | 3 | 32.06[III][V][VI] | 2.067 | 388.36 | 717.87 | 0.71 | 2.58 | 350 |
17 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | Cl | ക്ലോറിൻ | ഗ്രീക് പദം ക്ലോറോസ്, 'പച്ചകലർന്ന മഞ്ഞ' | 17 | 3 | 35.45[III][IV][V][VI] | 0.003214 | 171.6 | 239.11 | 0.479 | 3.16 | 145 |
18 | Ar | ആർഗൺ | ഗ്രീക് പദം ആർഗോസ്, 'നിഷ്ക്രിയം' | 18 | 3 | 39.948(1)[III][V] | 0.0017837 | 83.80 | 87.30 | 0.52 | – | 3.5 |
19 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | K | പൊട്ടാസ്യം | ന്യൂ ലറ്റിനിലെ പൊട്ടാസ, 'പൊട്ടാഷ്' ( ലാറ്റിൻ ഭാഷയിൽകാലിയം) | 1 | 4 | 39.0983(1) | 0.862 | 336.53 | 1032 | 0.757 | 0.82 | 20900 |
20 | style="background:#ffdead" | Ca | കാൽസ്യം | ലാറ്റിൻ പദം കാൽക്സ്, 'ചുണ്ണാമ്പ്കല്ല്' | 2 | 4 | 40.078(4)[III] | 1.54 | 1115 | 1757 | 0.647 | 1 | 41500 |
21 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Sc | സ്കാൻഡിയം | സ്കാൻഡിനേവിയയുടെ ലാറ്റിൻ പേരായ സ്കാൻഡിയ | 3 | 4 | 44.955908(5) | 2.989 | 1814 | 3109 | 0.568 | 1.36 | 22 |
22 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ti | ടൈറ്റാനിയം | ഗ്രീക് ഐതിഹ്യത്തിലെ ഭൂദേവിയുടെ പുത്രനായ ടൈറ്റാൻ ദേവൻ | 4 | 4 | 47.867(1) | 4.54 | 1941 | 3560 | 0.523 | 1.54 | 5650 |
23 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | V | വനേഡിയം | Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja | 5 | 4 | 50.9415(1) | 6.11 | 2183 | 3680 | 0.489 | 1.63 | 120 |
24 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cr | ക്രോമിയം | ഗ്രീക് പദം ക്രോമ, അർത്ഥം: 'നിറം' | 6 | 4 | 51.9961(6) | 7.15 | 2180 | 2944 | 0.449 | 1.66 | 102 |
25 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Mn | മാൻഗനീസ് | corrupted from magnesia negra, see Magnesium | 7 | 4 | 54.938044(3) | 7.44 | 1519 | 2334 | 0.479 | 1.55 | 950 |
26 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Fe | ഇരുമ്പ് | ലാറ്റിൻ പദം: ഫെറം | 8 | 4 | 55.845(2) | 7.874 | 1811 | 3134 | 0.449 | 1.83 | 56300 |
27 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Co | കോബാൾട്ട് | the ജർമ്മൻ പദംകൊബോൾഡ്, 'goblin' | 9 | 4 | 58.933194(4) | 8.86 | 1768 | 3200 | 0.421 | 1.88 | 25 |
28 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ni | നിക്കൽ | from Swedish kopparnickel, containing the German word Nickel, 'goblin' | 10 | 4 | 58.6934(4) | 8.912 | 1728 | 3186 | 0.444 | 1.91 | 84 |
29 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cu | ചെമ്പ് | ലാറ്റിൻ പദം: കുപ്രം | 11 | 4 | 63.546(3)[V] | 8.96 | 1357.77 | 2835 | 0.385 | 1.9 | 60 |
30 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Zn | സിങ്ക് | ജർമ്മൻ പദം സിങ്ക് | 12 | 4 | 65.38(2) | 7.134 | 692.88 | 1180 | 0.388 | 1.65 | 70 |
31 | style="background:#cccccc" | Ga | ഗാലിയം | ഫ്രാൻസിന്റെ ലാറ്റിൻ നാമമായ ഗാലിയയിൽ നിന്നും | 13 | 4 | 69.723(1) | 5.907 | 302.9146 | 2673 | 0.371 | 1.81 | 19 |
32 | Ge | ജെർമേനിയം | ജർമ്മനിയുടെ ലാറ്റിൻ നാമമായ ജർമേനിയ | 14 | 4 | 72.630(8) | 5.323 | 1211.40 | 3106 | 0.32 | 2.01 | 1.5 |
33 | As | ആർസെനിക് | ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പദം (ലാറ്റിനിൽആർസെനിയം) | 15 | 4 | 74.921595(6) | 5.776 | 1090 [IX] | 887 | 0.329 | 2.18 | 1.8 |
34 | style="background:#a1ffc3" | Se | സെലീനിയം | ഗ്രീക് പദം സെലീൻ, അർഥം: 'ചന്ദ്രൻ' | 16 | 4 | 78.971(8)[V] | 4.809 | 453 | 958 | 0.321 | 2.55 | 0.05 |
35 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | Br | ബ്രോമിൻ | the Greek bromos, 'stench' | 17 | 4 | 79.904[VI] | 3.122 | 265.8 | 332.0 | 0.474 | 2.96 | 2.4 |
36 | Kr | ക്രിപ്റ്റോൺ | ഗ്രീക്കിലെ ക്രിപ്റ്റോസ്, അർഥം: 'ഒളിഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്നത്' | 18 | 4 | 83.798(2)[III][IV] | 0.003733 | 115.79 | 119.93 | 0.248 | 3 | 1×10−4 |
37 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Rb | റൂബിഡിയം | ലാറ്റിൻ റൂബിഡസ്(കടും ചുവപ്പ്) | 1 | 5 | 85.4678(3)[III] | 1.532 | 312.46 | 961 | 0.363 | 0.82 | 90 |
38 | style="background:#ffdead" | Sr | സ്ട്രോൺഷിയം | സ്കോട്ട്ലാൻഡിലെ ഒരു ചെറുപട്ടണമായ സ്ട്രോൺഷിയൻ | 2 | 5 | 87.62(1)[III][V] | 2.64 | 1050 | 1655 | 0.301 | 0.95 | 370 |
39 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Y | യിട്രിയം | യിറ്റെർബി, സ്വീഡൻ | 3 | 5 | 88.90584(2) | 4.469 | 1799 | 3609 | 0.298 | 1.22 | 33 |
40 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Zr | സിർകോണിയം | പേർഷ്യൻസർഗുൺ(സ്വർണ്ണ-നിറം); ജെർമൻസിർക്കൂൺ, 'ജർഗൂൺ' | 4 | 5 | 91.224(2)[III] | 6.506 | 2128 | 4682 | 0.278 | 1.33 | 165 |
41 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Nb | നയോബിയം | ഗ്രീക് പുരാണത്തിലെ ടാൻഡലസ് രാജാവിന്റെ പുത്രിയായ നയോബി | 5 | 5 | 92.90637(2) | 8.57 | 2750 | 5017 | 0.265 | 1.6 | 20 |
42 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Mo | മൊളിബ്ഡിനം | ഗ്രീക്കിലെ മൊളിബ്ഡോസ് അർഥം'ലെഡ് (lead)' | 6 | 5 | 95.95(1)[III] | 10.22 | 2896 | 4912 | 0.251 | 2.16 | 1.2 |
43 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Tc | Technetium | the Greek tekhnètos meaning 'artificial' | 7 | 5 | [98][X] | 11.5 | 2430 | 4538 | – | 1.9 | ~ 3×10−9[XI] |
44 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ru | Ruthenium | Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia | 8 | 5 | 101.07(2)[III] | 12.37 | 2607 | 4423 | 0.238 | 2.2 | 0.001 |
45 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Rh | Rhodium | the Greek rhodos, meaning 'rose coloured' | 9 | 5 | 102.90550(2) | 12.41 | 2237 | 3968 | 0.243 | 2.28 | 0.001 |
46 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Pd | Palladium | the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time | 10 | 5 | 106.42(1)[III] | 12.02 | 1828.05 | 3236 | 0.244 | 2.2 | 0.015 |
47 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ag | Silver | English word (argentum in Latin) | 11 | 5 | 107.8682(2)[III] | 10.501 | 1234.93 | 2435 | 0.235 | 1.93 | 0.075 |
48 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cd | Cadmium | the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos | 12 | 5 | 112.414(4)[III] | 8.69 | 594.22 | 1040 | 0.232 | 1.69 | 0.159 |
49 | style="background:#cccccc" | In | Indium | indigo | 13 | 5 | 114.818(1) | 7.31 | 429.75 | 2345 | 0.233 | 1.78 | 0.25 |
50 | style="background:#cccccc" | Sn | Tin | English word (stannum in Latin) | 14 | 5 | 118.710(7)[III] | 7.287 | 505.08 | 2875 | 0.228 | 1.96 | 2.3 |
51 | Sb | Antimony | composed from the Greek anti, 'against', and monos, 'alone' (stibium in Latin) | 15 | 5 | 121.760(1)[III] | 6.685 | 903.78 | 1860 | 0.207 | 2.05 | 0.2 |
52 | Te | Tellurium | Latin tellus, 'earth' | 16 | 5 | 127.60(3)[III] | 6.232 | 722.66 | 1261 | 0.202 | 2.1 | 0.001 |
53 | style="background:#e7ff8f" | I | Iodine | French iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet') | 17 | 5 | 126.90447(3) | 4.93 | 386.85 | 457.4 | 0.214 | 2.66 | 0.45 |
54 | Xe | Xenon | the Greek xenos, 'strange' | 18 | 5 | 131.293(6)[III][IV] | 0.005887 | 161.4 | 165.03 | 0.158 | 2.6 | 3×10−5 |
55 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Cs | Caesium | the Latin caesius, 'sky blue' | 1 | 6 | 132.90545196(6) | 1.873 | 301.59 | 944 | 0.242 | 0.79 | 3 |
56 | style="background:#ffdead" | Ba | Barium | the Greek barys, 'heavy' | 2 | 6 | 137.327(7) | 3.594 | 1000 | 2170 | 0.204 | 0.89 | 425 |
57 | style="background:#ffbfff" | La | Lanthanum | the Greek lanthanein, 'to lie hidden' | 3 | 6 | 138.90547(7)[III] | 6.145 | 1193 | 3737 | 0.195 | 1.1 | 39 |
58 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Ce | Cerium | the then recently discovered asteroid Ceres, considered a planet at the time | | 6 | 140.116(1)[III] | 6.77 | 1068 | 3716 | 0.192 | 1.12 | 66.5 |
59 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Pr | Praseodymium | the Greek praseios didymos meaning 'green twin' | | 6 | 140.90766(2) | 6.773 | 1208 | 3793 | 0.193 | 1.13 | 9.2 |
60 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Nd | Neodymium | the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin' | | 6 | 144.242(3)[III] | 7.007 | 1297 | 3347 | 0.19 | 1.14 | 41.5 |
61 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Pm | Promethium | Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans | | 6 | [145][X] | 7.26 | 1315 | 3273 | – | 1.13 | 2×10−19[XI] |
62 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Sm | Samarium | Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated | | 6 | 150.36(2)[III] | 7.52 | 1345 | 2067 | 0.197 | 1.17 | 7.05 |
63 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Eu | Europium | Europe | | 6 | 151.964(1)[III] | 5.243 | 1099 | 1802 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 2 |
64 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Gd | Gadolinium | Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist | | 6 | 157.25(3)[III] | 7.895 | 1585 | 3546 | 0.236 | 1.2 | 6.2 |
65 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Tb | Terbium | Ytterby, Sweden | | 6 | 158.92535(2) | 8.229 | 1629 | 3503 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
66 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Dy | Dysprosium | the Greek dysprositos, 'hard to get' | | 6 | 162.500(1)[III] | 8.55 | 1680 | 2840 | 0.17 | 1.22 | 5.2 |
67 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Ho | Holmium | Holmia, the New Latin name for Stockholm | | 6 | 164.93033(2) | 8.795 | 1734 | 2993 | 0.165 | 1.23 | 1.3 |
68 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Er | Erbium | Ytterby, Sweden | | 6 | 167.259(3)[III] | 9.066 | 1802 | 3141 | 0.168 | 1.24 | 3.5 |
69 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Tm | Thulium | Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia | | 6 | 168.93422(2) | 9.321 | 1818 | 2223 | 0.16 | 1.25 | 0.52 |
70 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Yb | Ytterbium | Ytterby, Sweden | | 6 | 173.045(10)[III] | 6.965 | 1097 | 1469 | 0.155 | 1.1 | 3.2 |
71 | style="background:#ffbfff" | Lu | Lutetium | Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris | | 6 | 174.9668(1)[III] | 9.84 | 1925 | 3675 | 0.154 | 1.27 | 0.8 |
72 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hf | Hafnium | Hafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen | 4 | 6 | 178.49(2) | 13.31 | 2506 | 4876 | 0.144 | 1.3 | 3 |
73 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ta | Tantalum | King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology | 5 | 6 | 180.94788(2) | 16.654 | 3290 | 5731 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 2 |
74 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | W | Tungsten | the Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite) | 6 | 6 | 183.84(1) | 19.25 | 3695 | 5828 | 0.132 | 2.36 | 1.3 |
75 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Re | Rhenium | Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine | 7 | 6 | 186.207(1) | 21.02 | 3459 | 5869 | 0.137 | 1.9 | 7×10−4 |
76 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Os | Osmium | the Greek osmè, meaning 'smell' | 8 | 6 | 190.23(3)[III] | 22.61 | 3306 | 5285 | 0.13 | 2.2 | 0.002 |
77 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ir | Iridium | Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow | 9 | 6 | 192.217(3) | 22.56 | 2719 | 4701 | 0.131 | 2.2 | 0.001 |
78 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Pt | Platinum | the Spanish platina, meaning 'little silver' | 10 | 6 | 195.084(9) | 21.46 | 2041.4 | 4098 | 0.133 | 2.28 | 0.005 |
79 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Au | Gold | English word (aurum in Latin) | 11 | 6 | 196.966569(5) | 19.282 | 1337.33 | 3129 | 0.129 | 2.54 | 0.004 |
80 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hg | Mercury | the New Latin name mercurius, named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr-, 'water', and argyros, 'silver') | 12 | 6 | 200.592(3) | 13.5336 | 234.43 | 629.88 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.085 |
81 | style="background:#cccccc" | Tl | Thallium | the Greek thallos, 'green twig' | 13 | 6 | 204.38[VI] | 11.85 | 577 | 1746 | 0.129 | 1.62 | 0.85 |
82 | style="background:#cccccc" | Pb | Lead | English word (plumbum in Latin) | 14 | 6 | 207.2(1)[III][V] | 11.342 | 600.61 | 2022 | 0.129 | 1.87 | 14 |
83 | style="background:#cccccc" | Bi | Bismuth | German word, now obsolete | 15 | 6 | 208.98040(1)[X] | 9.807 | 544.7 | 1837 | 0.122 | 2.02 | 0.009 |
84 | style="background:#cccccc" | Po | Polonium | Named after the home country of Marie Curie(Poland), who is also the discoverer of Radium | 16 | 6 | [209][X] | 9.32 | 527 | 1235 | – | 2.0 | 2×10−10[XI] |
85 | At | Astatine | the Greek astatos, 'unstable' | 17 | 6 | [210][X] | 7 | 575 | 610 | – | 2.2 | 3×10−20[XI] |
86 | Rn | Radon | From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay | 18 | 6 | [222][X] | 0.00973 | 202 | 211.3 | 0.094 | 2.2 | 4×10−13[XI] |
87 | style="background:#ff9d9d" | Fr | Francium | Francia, the New Latin name for France | 1 | 7 | [223][X] | 1.87 | 300 | 950 | – | 0.7 | ~ 1×10−18[XI] |
88 | style="background:#ffdead" | Ra | Radium | the Latin radius, 'ray' | 2 | 7 | [226][X] | 5.5 | 973 | 2010 | 0.094 | 0.9 | 9×10−7[XI] |
89 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Ac | Actinium | the Greek aktis, 'ray' | 3 | 7 | [227][X] | 10.07 | 1323 | 3471 | 0.12 | 1.1 | 5.5×10−10[XI] |
90 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Th | Thorium | Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder | | 7 | 232.0377(4)[X][III] | 11.72 | 2115 | 5061 | 0.113 | 1.3 | 9.6 |
91 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Pa | Protactinium | the Greek protos, 'first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium | | 7 | 231.03588(2)[X] | 15.37 | 1841 | 4300 | – | 1.5 | 1.4×10−6[XI] |
92 | style="background:#ff99cc" | U | Uranium | Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System | | 7 | 238.02891(3)[X] | 18.95 | 1405.3 | 4404 | 0.116 | 1.38 | 2.7 |
93 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Np | Neptunium | Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System | | 7 | [237][X] | 20.45 | 917 | 4273 | – | 1.36 | ≤ 3×10−12[XI] |
94 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Pu | Plutonium | Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System (then considered the ninth planet) | | 7 | [244][X] | 19.84 | 912.5 | 3501 | – | 1.28 | ≤ 3×10−11[XI] |
95 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Am | Americium | The Americas, as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium | | 7 | [243][X] | 13.69 | 1449 | 2880 | – | 1.13 | 0[XII] |
96 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Cm | Curium | Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium | | 7 | [247][X] | 13.51 | 1613 | 3383 | – | 1.28 | 0[XII] |
97 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Bk | Berkelium | Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium | | 7 | [247][X] | 14.79 | 1259 | 2900 | – | 1.3 | 0[XII] |
98 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Cf | Californium | California, where the element was first synthesized | | 7 | [251][X] | 15.1 | 1173 | (1743)[XIII] | – | 1.3 | 0[XII] |
99 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Es | Einsteinium | Albert Einstein, physicist | | 7 | [252][X] | 8.84 | 1133 | (1269)[XIII] | – | 1.3 | 0[XII] |
100 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Fm | Fermium | Enrico Fermi, physicist | | 7 | [257][X] | (9.7)[XIII] | (1125)[XIII] | – | – | 1.3 | 0[XII] |
101 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Md | Mendelevium | Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor | | 7 | [258][X] | (10.3)[XIII] | (1100)[XIII] | – | – | 1.3 | 0[XII] |
102 | style="background:#ff99cc" | No | Nobelium | Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer | | 7 | [259][X] | (9.9)[XIII] | (1100)[XIII] | – | – | 1.3 | 0[XII] |
103 | style="background:#ff99cc" | Lr | Lawrencium | Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist | | 7 | [266][X] | (15.6)[XIII] | (1900)[XIII] | – | – | 1.3 | 0[XII] |
104 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Rf | Rutherfordium | Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist | 4 | 7 | [267][X] | (23.2)[XIII] | (2400)[XIII] | (5800)[XIII] | – | – | 0[XII] |
105 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Db | Dubnium | Dubna, Russia | 5 | 7 | [268][X] | (29.3)[XIII] | – | – | – | – | 0[XII] |
106 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Sg | Seaborgium | Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist | 6 | 7 | [269][X] | (35.0)[XIII] | – | – | – | – | 0[XII] |
107 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Bh | Bohrium | Niels Bohr, physicist | 7 | 7 | [270][X] | (37.1)[XIII] | – | – | – | – | 0[XII] |
108 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hs | Hassium | Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized | 8 | 7 | [277][X] | (40.7)[XIII] | – | – | – | – | 0[XII] |
109 | Mt | Meitnerium | Lise Meitner, physicist | 9 | 7 | [278][X] | (37.4)[XIII] | – | – | – | – | 0[XII] |
110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized | 10 | 7 | [281][X] | (34.8)[XIII] | – | – | – | – | 0[XII] |
111 | Rg | Roentgenium | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist | 11 | 7 | [282][X] | (28.7)[XIII] | – | – | – | – | 0[XII] |
112 | style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cn | Copernicium | Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer | 12 | 7 | [285][X] | (23.7)[XIII] | – | 357[XIV] | – | – | 0[XII] |
113 | Nh | Nihonium | the Japanese name for Japan, Nihon, where the element was first synthesized | 13 | 7 | [286][X] | (16)[XIII] | (700)[XIII] | (1400)[XIII] | – | – | 0[XII] |
114 | Fl | Flerovium | Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, part of JINR where the element was synthesized; itself named for Georgy Flyorov, physicist | 14 | 7 | [289][X] | (14)[XIII] | – | ~210 | – | – | 0[XII] |
115 | Mc | Moscovium | Moscow Oblast, Russia, where the element was first synthesized | 15 | 7 | [290][X] | (13.5)[XIII] | (700)[XIII] | (1400)[XIII] | – | – | 0[XII] |
116 | Lv | Livermorium | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (in Livermore, California) which collaborated with JINR on its synthesis | 16 | 7 | [293][X] | (12.9)[XIII] | (709)[XIII] | (1085)[XIII] | – | – | 0[XII] |
117 | Ts | Tennessine | Tennessee, United States | 17 | 7 | [294][X] | (7.2)[XIII] | (723)[XIII] | (883)[XIII] | – | – | 0[XII] |
118 | Og | Oganesson | Yuri Oganessian, physicist | 18 | 7 | [294][X] | (5.0)[XIII][XV] | – | (350)[XIII] | – | – | 0[XII] |
Notes
Unless otherwise indicated, elements are primordial – they occur naturally, and not through decay.
The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
The value listed is the conventional atomic-weight value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Since 2009, IUPAC provides the standard atomic-weight values for these elements using the interval notation. The corresponding standard atomic weights are:
- Hydrogen: [1.00784, 1.00811]
- Lithium: [6.938, 6.997]
- Boron: [10.806, 10.821]
- Carbon: [12.0096, 12.0116]
- Nitrogen: [14.00643, 14.00728]
- Oxygen: [15.99903, 15.99977]
- Magnesium: [24.304, 24.307]
- Silicon: [28.084, 28.086]
- Sulfur: [32.059, 32.076]
- Chlorine: [35.446, 35.457]
- Bromine: [79.901, 79.907]
- Thallium: [204.382, 204.385]
This element does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. The value listed above, 0.95 K, is the temperature at which helium does solidify at a pressure of 25 atmospheres.
The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure.
The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, four such elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given.
This element is transient – it occurs only through decay.
This element is synthetic – the transuranic elements 95 and above do not occur naturally, but they can all be produced artificially.
The value has not been precisely measured, usually because of the element's short half-life; the value given in parentheses is a prediction.
With error bars: 357+112 −108 K.
This predicted value is for liquid oganesson, not gaseous oganesson.
Background color shows subcategory in the metal–metalloid–nonmetal trend: |
Metal |
Metalloid |
Nonmetal |
Unknown chemical properties |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9d9d;" | Alkali metal |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;" | Alkaline earth metal |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;" | Lanthanide |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;" | Actinide |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;" | Transition metal |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;" | Post-transition metal |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;" | Polyatomic nonmetal |
style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;" | Diatomic nonmetal |
Noble gas |
|