List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z

The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in the English language from P to Z. See also the lists from A to G and from H to O.

Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are not listed here but instead in the entry for List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
quadr-	four	Latin	quattuor	quadrangle, quadrennial, quadriceps, quadracycle quadrifarious, quadrifid, quadrifolium, quadrifrons, quadrilateral, quadrilingual, quadriliteral, quadrillion, quadrimester, quadrinational, quadrinodal, quadrinomial, quadrinominal, quadripara, quadrireme, quadrisection, quadrivalent, quadrivium, quadruped, quadruple, quadruplet, quadruplex, quadruplicate, quatrain, quatre, quatrefoil
quadragen-	forty each	Latin	quadrageni	quadragenarian, quadragenary
quadragesim-	fortieth	Latin	quadragesimus	Quadragesima, quadragesimal
qual, quant	of how much	Latin	quantus qualis	quality, qualify, quantity, quantum
quart-	fourth	Latin	quartus	inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarte, quarter, quartermaster, quartet, quartic, quartile, quartine, quarto, semiquartile
quasi-	as if, almost	Latin	quasi	quasar, quasiparticle
quatern-	four each	Latin	quaternī	biquaternion, quatern, quaternary, quaternate, quaternion, quaternity, quire
quati-, -cuti-, quass-, -cuss-	shake	Latin	quatere	cassate, cassation, concussion, concussive, conquassate, decussation, discuss, discussion, discussive, discutient, excuss, excussio, excussion, fracas, percuss, percussion, percussive, percussor, quash, quassation, recussion, repercussion, rescue, squash, squassation, subconcussive, succuss, succussation, succussion, succussive
quer-, -quir-, quesit-, -quisit-	search, seek	Latin	quaerere, quaesītus	acquest, acquire, acquiree, acquirement, acquisite, acquisition, acquisitive, acquisitory, conquer, conquest, corequisite, disquisition, exquire, exquisite, inquest, inquire, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, inquisitor, inquisitorial, inquisitory, perquisite, perquisition, prerequisite, quaere, quaestor, query, quest, question, questionable, questionary, questionnaire, questor, reconquer, reconquest, request, require, requirement, requisite, requisition, requisitive, requisitor, requisitory
qui-	rest	Latin	quies, quiētus	acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, inquietude, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietude, quietus, quit, requiem, requiescat
quin-	five each	Latin	quini	biquinary, quinarius, quinary, quinate
quindecim-	fifteenth	Latin	quindecimus	quindecimal
quinden-	fifteen each	Latin	quindeni	quindenary
quinque-	five	Latin	quinque	cinquain, cinque, quinquefoil, quinquennial, quinquennium, quinquepartite, quinquevalent
quint-	fifth	Latin	quintus	biquintile, quint, quinta, quintal, quintan, quintant, quintary, quinte, quintessence, quintessential, quintic, quintile, quintipara, quintus, semiquintile
quot-	how many, how great	Latin	quotiens	aliquot, quota, quote, quoth, quotient, subquotient

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
rad-, ras-	scrape, shave	Latin	rādere, rāsus	abrade, abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, nonabrasive, radula, radular, raduliform, rase, rash, rasorial, raster, rasure, subradular
radi-	beam, spoke	Latin	radius, radiāre	radiance, radiation
radic-	root	Latin	rādix, rādīcis	eradicate, radical, radix
ram-	branch	Latin	rāmus	ramification, rammel, ramose, ramous, ramulose, ramulous
ran-	frog	Latin	rāna	Rana
ranc-	rancidness, grudge, bitterness	Latin	rancere	rancid, rancor
rap-	rob, seize	Latin	rapere, raptus	arreption, arreptitious, enrapt, enrapture, rapacious, rapacity, rape, rapid, rapidity, rapine, rapt, raptio, raptor, raptorial, rapture, rapturous, raptus, ravenous, ravine, ravish, subreption, subreptitious, surreptitious
rap-	turnip	Latin	rāpum	rapeseed
raph-^[119]	sew, seam	Greek	ῥάπτειν (rháptein), ῤαφή (raphḗ)	raphae, raphe
rar-	rare	Latin	rārus	rarity
rauc-	harsh, hoarse	Latin	raucus	raucous
re-, red-	again, back	Latin	re-	recede, redact
rect-, reg-, -rig-	straight, direct	Latin	regere "to direct, lead straight, guide", related rectus "straight, right"	correct, direct, dirigible, erect, erection, ergo, rectangle, rectify, rectitude, rectum, regent, regime, regimen, regiment, region, surge
reg-, rex-	king	Latin	rex (genitive regis)	regal, regency, regicide, Regis, regulation, reign, rex, royal
regul-	rule	Latin	rēgula "to rule"	regular, regulate, regulation, rule
rem-	oar	Latin	rēmus	bireme, trireme
ren-	kidney	Latin	rēnēs	renal
rep-, rept-	crawl, creep	Latin	rēpere, reptus	reptile
resid-	left behind	Latin	residere "remain behind" (see also sedere)	reside, residence, resident, residual, residue
ret-	net	Latin	rēte	reticle, retina
retro-	backward, behind	Latin	retrō	retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus
rhabd-^[120]	rod	Greek	ῥάβδος (rhábdos)	Rhabdodon, rhabdoid, rhabdom, rhabdomancy, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyosarcoma
rhach-, rach- ^[121]	spine	Greek	ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rhákhis, rhákheōs)	rachipagus, rachis, rachischisis, rhachiodont, rhachis
rhag-, rheg-^[122]	rend, tear	Greek	ῥηγνύναι (rhēgnúnai), ῥαγίζω, ῥῆξις (rhêxis), ῥῆγμα (rhêgma)	bronchorrhagia, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, regma, rhagades, rhegma, rhegmatogenous, rhexis
rhe-^[123]	flow	Greek	ῥεῖν (rheîn), ῥυτός (rhutós), ῥύσις (rhúsis), ῥεῦμα (rheûma), ῥοία (rhoía), ῥυθμός (rhuthmós)	antiarrhythmic, arrhythmia, arrhythmic, diarrhoea, dysrhythmia, endorheic, eurhythmia, eurhythmic, eurhythmy, gonorrhoea, hemorrhea, logorrhea, polyrhythm, rheology, rheometer, rheostat, rheum, rheumatic, rheumatism, rheumatoid, rheumatology, rhythm, rhythmic, rhyton
rhetin-^[124]	resin	Greek	ῥητίνη (rhētínē), ῥητινώδης, ῥητινόω	retinite
rhig-^[125]	chill	Greek	ῥῖγος (rhîgos)	rhigosaurus
rhin-^[126]	nose, snout	Greek	ῥίς, ῥινός (rhís, rhinós)	catarrhine, haplorhine, platyrrhine, rhinoceros, rhinophyma, rhinoplasty, strepsirrhine
rhiz-^[127]	root	Greek	ῥίζα (rhíza), ῥιζοῦν (rhizoûn), ῥίζωμα (rhízōma)	ectomycorrhiza, rhizoid, rhizomatous, rhizome, rhizomorph, rhizomorphous, rhizophagous, rhizophagy, Rhizopogon, Rhizopus, rhizosphere
rho-^[128]	R, r	Greek	Ρ, ρ, ῥῶ (rhô)	rho, rhotacism, rhotacize, rhotic
rhod-^[129]	rose	Greek	ῥόδον (rhódon)	rhododendron, rhodophyte, rhodopsin, rhodophobia
rhomb-	spinning top	Greek	ῥόμβος (rhómbos)	orthorhombic, rhomb, rhombic, rhomboid, rhombus, rhumb
rhynch-^[130]	snout	Greek	ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos)	Oncorhynchus, Rhynchobatus, rhynchophore
rid-, ris-	laugh	Latin	ridere "to laugh" (past participle risus)	deride, derision, ridicule, ridiculous, risible
robor-	oak, strength	Latin	rōborāre "to strengthen", from rōbur, rōbus "strength"	corroborant, corroborate, corroboration, corroborative, corroborator, robust
rod-, ros-	gnaw	Latin	rōdere, rōsus	corrode, erosion, rodent
rog-	ask	Latin	rogāre	abrogate, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogation, derogatory, interrogation, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogue, surrogate
rostr-	beak, prow	Latin	rōstrum	brevirostrate, curvirostral, lamellirostral, rostellate, rostelliform, rostellum, rostral, rostrate, rostriform, rostrulum, rostrum
rot-	wheel	Latin	rota, rotāre	arrondissement, circumrotation, contrarotation, control, controller, decontrol, enroll, enrollee, enrollment, irrotational, multirole, multiroll, redondilla, reenroll, rodeo, role, roll, rondeau, rondel, rondelle, rondo, rotary, rotate, rotation, rotational, rotator, rotatory, rotavirus, rotelle, rotifer, Rotifera, rotiferous, rotiform, rotula, rotund, rotunda, rotundifolious, rotundity, roulette, round, roundel, roundelay, roundlet, rowel, semiround
ruber-, rubr-	red	Latin	ruber	erubescence, erubescent, rubella, Rubio, rubious, rubric, rubricate, rubrication, rubricator, ruby
rudi-	unskilled, rough, unlearned	Latin	rudis	erudite, erudition, rude, rudiment, rudimentary, rudity
rug-	wrinkle	Latin	rūga, rugare	corrugant, corrugate, corrugation, erugate, rugose
rumin-	throat	Latin	rūmen, rūminis	rumen, rumenic acid, ruminal, ruminant, ruminate, rumination, ruminator
rump-, rupt-	break, burst	Latin	rumpere, ruptus	abrupt, abruption, corrupt, corruptible, corruption, corruptor, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, disruptor, disrupture, erumpent, erupt, eruption, eruptive, incorrupt, incorruptibility, incorruptible, interrupt, interruptible, interruption, irrupt, irruption, irruptive, maleruption, noneruptive, reroute, rout, route, routine, rupture, subroutine, supereruption
rur-	countryside, farm	Latin	rūs, rūris	nonrural, roister, roisterous, rural, rustic, rusticate, rustication, rusticity

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
tac-, -tic-	be silent	Latin	tacere, tacitus	reticent, reticence, tacit, taciturn
tach-	swift	Greek	ταχύς (takhús), τάχος (tákhos)	tachometer, tachycardia, tachyrhythmia, tachytelic
taeni-	ribbon	Greek	τείνειν (teínein), ταινία (tainía), ταινίδιον (tainídion)	diplotene, leptotene, pachytene, taenia, taenidia, taenidium, taeniodont, Taeniolabis, zygotene
tag-, tax- (ΤΑΓ)^[197]	arrange, order	Greek	τάσσειν (tássein), τακτός (taktós), τακτικός (taktikós), τάξις (táxis), τάγμα (tágma)	ataxia, chemotaxis, epitaxis, eutaxy, hypotaxis, magnetotaxis, metasyntactic, parataxis, phonotactic, phonotactics, phototaxis, rheotaxis, syntactic, syntagma, syntagmatic, syntax, tactic, tagma, taxis, taxonomy, thermotaxis
tal-	ankle	Latin	talus	talus
tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag-	touch	Latin	tangere (past participle tactus)	attain, contact, contagious, contingent, contingency, contiguous, intact, tactile, tangent, tangible
tapet-	carpet	Latin	tapete, tapetis	tapestry, tapetum, tapis
tarac- (ΤΑΡΑΧ)^[198]	stir	Greek	ταράσσειν (tarássein), ταρακτός, ταρακτικός, τάραγμα, θράσσω	ataractic, ataraxia
tard-	slow	Latin	tardus	retard, tardigrade, tardy
tars-	ankle	Greek	ταρσός (tarsós, "a flat basket")	metatarsus, tarsal, tarsoclasis, tarsometatarsus, tarsus
taur-	bull	Greek	ταῦρος (taûros)	Minotaur, taurobolium, taurocholic, tauromachy
taur-	bull	Latin	taurus	Taurus
tec- (ΤΑΚ)^[199]	melt	Greek	τήκειν	eutectic, eutectoid
tec-, toc- (ΤΕΚ)^[200]	childbirth	Greek	τίκτειν, τόκος (tókos)	ditokous, dystocia, embiotocid, monotocous, teknonymous, teknonymy, tokophobia
techn- (ΤΕΚ)^[201]	art, skill	Greek	τίκτειν (tíktein), τέχνη (tékhnē), τέκτων, τέκτονος (téktōn, téktonos), τεκτονικός (tektonikós)	architect, polytechnic, techne, technique, technocracy, technocrat, technogaianism, technology, technophilia, technophobia, tectonic
tecn- (ΤΕΚ)^[202]	child	Greek	τίκτω, τέκνον, τέκνου (téknon, téknou)	teknonymous, teknonymy
teg-, tect-	cover	Latin	tegere, tectus	contection, detect, detectable, detection, detective, detector, integument, integumentary, obtect, pretectal, pretectum, protect, protection, protective, protector, protectorate, protectory, protectress, protectrix, protégé, protégée, tectrix, tectum, tegmen, tegmental, tegula, tegular, tegument, tile, tog, toga, togate, togavirus, toggery
tele-	far, end	Greek	τῆλε (têle)	telegram, telegraph, telemetry, telepathy, telephone, telescope, television
tele-	complete	Greek	τέλος, τέλεος (télos, téleos), τέλεσις (télesis)	atelectasis, ateleiosis, atelophobia, teleology, telesis, toll
tem-, tom- ^[203] (ΤΕΜ^[204])	cut	Greek	τέμνειν (témnein), τομός (tomós), τόμος (tómos), τομή (tomḗ), τμῆσις (tmêsis)	acrotomophilia, anatomy, apotemnophilia, atom, atomic, autotomy, diatom, dichotomous, dichotomy, ectomy, entomology, entomomancy, entomophagous, entomophilous, epitome, monatomic, pentatomic, polyatomic, polytomy, Temnospondyli, tmesis, tome, tomogram, tomography, trichotomous, trichotomy
temn-, tempt-	–	Latin	temnere	contemn, contemnible, contempt, contemptible, contumacious, contumacy, contumelious, contumely
tempor-	time	Latin	tempus, temporis	contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempo, temporal, temporary
ten-, ton- ^[205] (ΤΑΝ^[206])	stretch	Greek	τείνειν (teínein), τεινόμενον, τανύειν (tanúein), τετανός (tetanós), τόνος (tónos), τονικός (tonikós), τονή (tonḗ), τάσις (tásis), ταινία	anhemitonic, atelectasis, atonic, atritonic, barytone, catatonia, catatoniac, catatonic, decatonic, diatonic, ditone, dodecatonic, dystonia, ectasia, enneatonic, entasia, entasis, epitasis, hemitonia, hemitonic, heptatonic, hexatonic, hyperisotonic, hypertonia, hypertonic, hypotenuse, hypotonia, hypotonic, isotonic, microtone, monotone, monotonic, monotonous, monotony, neoteny, octatonic, oxytone, paroxytone, pentatonic, peritoneum, polytonic, proparoxytone, protasis, pyelectasis, syntonic, tetanolysin, tetanospasmin, tetanus, tetany, tetratonic, tone, tonic, tonoplast, tritonic, tune
ten-, -tin-, tent-, tain-, tinu-	hold, keep	Latin	tenere, tentus	abstain, abstention, abstinence, abstinent, appertain, appertinent, appurtenance, appurtenant, contain, containment, content, contentive, contentment, continence, continent, continental, continual, continuance, continuant, continuation, continuative, continue, continuity, continuous, continuum, contratenor, countenance, detain, detainder, detainee, detainer, detainment, detention, detinue, discontent, discontentment, discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinue, discontinuity, discontinuous, entertain, entertainment, equicontinuity, equicontinuous, impertinence, impertinent, incontinence, incontinent, intenible, intercontinental, irretentive, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, malcontent, obtain, obtainment, obtention, pertain, pertinacious, pertinacity, pertinence, pertinent, purtenance, reobtain, retain, retainer, retainment, retention, retentive, retinue, se-tenant, sustenance, sustentacular, sustentaculum, sustentation, sustention, tenable, tenace, tenacious, tenacity, tenancy, tenant, tenet, tenor, tenure, tenurial, tenuto, transcontinental
tend-, tens-	stretch, strain	Latin	tendere (past participle tensus)	ambitendency, attempt, attend, attendee, attent, attention, attentive, coextend, coextension, coextensive, contend, contention, contentious, detent, détente, distend, distension, distent, distention, entendre, entente, extend, extensible, extension, extensional, extensionality, extensive, extensivity, extensor, extent, inattention, inattentive, inextensible, intend, intense, intensification, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, obtend, obtension, ostensible, ostension, ostensive, ostensory, ostent, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portension, portent, portentous, pretend, pretense, pretension, subtend, subtense, superintend, superintendency, superintendent, tempt, temptation, tend, tendency, tendential, tendentious, tender, tense, tensible, tensile, tensility, tension, tensure, tent, tentacle, tentacular, tentage, tentation, tentative, tentiginous, tentorium
tenu-	slender, thin	Latin	tenuare "make thin", from tenuis "thin"	attenuate, extenuate, tenuous
tep-	be warm	Latin	tepere	subtepid, tepefaction, tepid, tepidarium, tepidity, tepor
ter-, trit-	rub, wear	Latin	terere, tritus	attrition, contrite, contrition, detriment, detrimental, detrital, detrition, detritivore, detritivorous, detritus, retriment, tribulation, trite, triturate, trituration, triture
tere-	guard	Greek	τηρεῖν (tēreîn), τήρησις (tḗrēsis)	synteresis
teret-	rounded	Latin	teres, teretis	subterete, teretial
terg-, ters-	wipe	Latin	tergere, tersus	absterge, abstergent, abstersion, abstersive, deterge, detergency, detergent, terse
termin-	boundary, limit, end	Latin	terminus	determine, interminable, terminal, termination
tern-	three each	Latin	terni	ternary, ternion
terr-	earth	Latin	terra	inter, subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain, terrarium, terrestrial, territory
terti-	third	Latin	tertius	tertian, tertiary
test-	witness	Latin	testis	attest, contest, detest, protest, testament, testify, testimony
tetart-^[207]	fourth	Greek	τέταρτος (tétartos)	tetartanopsia, tetartohedric
tetr-	four	Greek	τέτϝαρες, τέσσαρες, τεσσάρων (téssares, tessárōn)	diatessaron, tetragon, tetrahedron, tetralogy, tetrameter, tetraphobia, tetrapod, tetrode
teuch-	make	Greek	τεύχειν (teúkhein), τυγχάνω, τευκτός, τευκτικός, τεῦξις (teûxis), τεῦγμα (teûgma), τεῦχος, τεύχεος (teûkhos, teúkheos), τύχη (túkhē), τυκτός (tuktós)	Heptateuch, octateuch, Pentateuch
tex-, text-	weave	Latin	texere, textus	context, subtle, pretext, text, textile, texture
thalam-	chamber, bed	Greek	θάλαμος (thálamos)	epithalamion, hypothalamus, prothalamion, thalamotomy, thalamus
thalass-	sea	Greek	θάλασσα (thálassa)	Panthalassa, thalassemia, thalassic, thalassophobia
than- (ΘΑΝ)^[208]^[209]	death	Greek	θνήσκειν, θάνατος (thánatos)	euthanasia, thanatocoenosis, thanatoid, thanatology, thanatophobia, thanatophoric, thanatopsis
thaumat-	miracle	Greek	θαυματ (thaumat)	thaumatology, thaumaturge, thaumaturgy
the-, thus-	god	Greek	θεός (theós)	atheism, atheistic, ditheism, enthusiasm, monotheism, Pantheon, polytheism, Thea, theobromine, theocracy, theodicy, Theodore, theogony, theology, theophobia, Timothy, tritheism
the- (ΘΕ)^[210]	put	Greek	τιθέναι (tithénai), θετός (thetós), θετικός (thetikós), θέσις (thésis), θέμα (théma), θήκη (thḗkē)	anathema, anathematic, antithesis, antithetic, apothecium, athematic, Bibliotheca, bodega, boutique, deem, doom, enthesis, enthetic, epenthesis, epenthetic, epitheca, epithet, hypothec, hypothesis, monothematic, nomothetic, oligosynthetic, parenthesis, parenthetic, polysynthetic, prosthesis, prosthetic, prothesis, prothetic, pseudothecium, synthesis, synthetic, theca, thecium, thematic, theme, Themis, thesaurus, thesis, treasure
thea-	view	Greek	θεᾶσθαι (theâsthai), θέατρον (théatron)	amphitheatre, metatheatre, theatre, theatric
thel-	nipple	Greek	θηλή (thēlḗ)	athelia, endothelium, epithelium, mesothelioma, mesothelium, thelium, thelial
theori-	speculation	Greek	θεωρητικός (theōrētikós), θεώρημα (theṓrēma), θεωρία (theōría)	theorem, theoretic, theorist, theorize, theory
ther-	beast, animal	Greek	θήρ, θηρός (thḗr, thērós)	therapsid, therianthropy, theroid, theropod, theropsid
therap-	serve	Greek	θεράπων (therápōn), θεραπεύειν (therapeúein), θεραπευτός, θεραπευτικός (therapeutikós), θεραπεία (therapeía)	therapeutic, therapist, therapy
therm-	heat, warm	Greek	θέρεσθαι (théresthai), θέρμη (thérmē), θερμός (thermós)	thermal, athermancy, diathermancy, ectotherm, endotherm, endothermic, exothermic, geothermic, homeothermy, hyperthermia, hypothermia, isotherm, poikilotherm, thermobaric, thermochromism, thermodynamic, thermolysis, thermometer, thermophilic, thermophobia, thermoplastic, thermoplegia, thermos, thermosphere, thermostat, thermostatic
thig- (ΘΙΓ)^[211]	touch	Greek	θιγγάνειν (thingánein), θίξις (thíxis), θίγημα (thígēma)	antithixotropic, thigmonasty, thigmotaxis, thixotropic, thixotropy
thorac-	chest	Greek	θώραξ, θώρακος (thṓrax, thṓrakos)	hemothorax, pneumothorax, thoracic, thorax
thym-	mood	Greek	θυμός (thumós)	cyclothymia, dysthymia, euthymia, hyperthymia
thyr-	door	Greek	θύρα (thúra)	thyratron
thyre-	large shield	Greek	θυρεός (thureós)	Thyreophora, thyroid, thyrotropin, thyroxine
tim-	be afraid	Latin	timere	timid, timorous
ting-, tinct- (TING)^[212]	dye, moisten	Latin	tingere, tinctus	aquatint, distain, mezzotint, tinct, tinctorial, tincture, tinge, tingent, tint
tom-	cut	Greek	τομή (tomḗ), τόμος (tómos)	anatomy, appendectomy, atom, dichotomy, ectomy, embolectomy, tome, tonsillectomy, vasectomy
ton- (ΤΑΝ)^[213]	stretch	Greek	τείνειν (teínein), τόνος (tónos), τονικός (tonikós)	isotonic, monotone, tone
top- ^[214]	place, location	Greek	τόπος (tópos)	atopic, atopy, dystopia, ectopia, ectopic, entopic, epitope, eutopia, isotope, nomotopic, polytope, topiary, topic, topography, topology, toponomastics, toponym, toponymy, topos, utopia, zonotope
torn-^[215]	turn, rotate	Latin from Greek	tornare < τόρνος (tórnos)	tornado, tournament, turn
torpe-	be numb	Latin	torpere	torpent, torpid, torpor
torqu-, tort-	twist	Latin	torquere, tortus	contort, distort, extort, extortion, retort, torque, torsion, tortuous, torture
tot-	all, whole	Latin	totus	subtotal, total, totality
tox-^[216]	arrow, bow, poison	Greek	τόξον (tóxon)	anatoxin, antitoxin, autotoxin, exotoxin, intoxicate, neurotoxin, psychotoxic, toxic, toxin, toxoid, toxology, toxoplasmosis
trab-	beam	Latin	trabs, trabis	trabeculae
trach-^[217]	rough	Greek	τραχύς (trakhús)	trachea, tracheids, tracheitis, tracheophyte, tracheostomy, tracheotomy, trachoma
trag-^[218]	he-goat	Greek	τράγος (trágos)	tragedy, tragic, tragus
trah-, tract-	draw, pull	Latin	tractare, frequentative of trahere, tractus	abstract, attract, contract, detract, retract, subtract, subtrahend, tractable, traction, tractor
trans-, tra-, tran-	across	Latin	trans	intransigent, tradition, transact, transcend, transient, transitory, transparent, transport
trapez-^[219]	four-legged, table	Greek	τράπεζα (trápeza), τραπέζιον, (trapézion)	trapeze, trapezium, trapezius, trapezohedron, trapezoid
traum-^[220]	wound	Greek	τραῦμα, τραῦματος (traûma, traûmatos)	trauma, traumatic, traumatize, traumatophobia
trecent-	three hundred	Latin	trecenti	trecentennial, trecentillion
trech-, troch-^[221]	run, wheel	Greek	τρέχειν (trékhein), τρεχόμενον, τρόχος (tróchos), τροχός, τροχοῦ (trochós), τρόχωσις, τροχαῖος (trochaîos), τροχαϊκός (trochaïkós), τροχοειδής	ditrochee, epitrochoid, hypotrochoid, trochaic, trochanter, trochee, trochelminth, trochlea, trochophore, trochoid
tredec-	thirteen	Latin	tredecim	tredecimal
treiskaidek-	thirteen	Greek	τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaídeka)	triskaidekaphobia, triskaidecagon
trem-	tremble	Latin	tremere	tremor
trema-	hole	Greek	τετραίνω, τρῆμα (trêma)	monotrematous, monotreme, trema, tréma, trematode
trep-, trop-^[222]	turn	Greek	τρέπειν (trépein), τρέψις (trépsis), τρόπος, τρόπου (trópos), τροπή, τροπῆς (tropḗ), τροπικός (tropikós)	allotrope, anisotropy, Atropos, ectropion, entropic, entropion, entropy, heliotropism, isentropic, isotrope, isotropic, isotropy, pleiotropic, pleiotropy, polytrope, protrepsis, protreptic, psychotropic, treponeme, treponematosis, treponemiasis, trope, tropic, tropism, tropopause, troposphere, trove
treph-, troph-^[223]	feed, grow	Greek	τρέφειν (tréphein), τροφός (trophós), τροφή (trophḗ), θρέμμα	amyotrophic, atrophy, autotroph, auxotrophy, chemolithoautotroph, dystrophy, hemidystrophy, heterotroph, hypertrophy, lithoautotroph, lithotroph, mixotroph, organotroph, phagotrophy, photoheterotroph, phototroph, phototrophic, phototrophy, pogonotrophy, poliodystrophy, prototrophy, trophectoderm, trophic, trophobiosis, trophobiotic, trophoblast, trophoblastic, trophozoite
trepid-	tremble	Latin	trepidare "to tremble, hurry", from trepidus "alarmed, scared"	intrepid, trepid, trepidation
tri-^[224]	three	Greek	τρεῖς, τρία (tría), τριάς	atritonic, triad, triadic, Triassic, tricycle, trigon, triode, tripod, trisyllabic, tritonic
tri-	three	Latin	trēs	triangle, triumvirate, trivia
trib-, tript-^[225]	rub	Greek	τρίβειν (tríbein), τριπτός, τρῖψις	diatribe, tribochromism, tribology, trypsin, tryptic
tribu-	pay	Latin	tribuere "to pay", from tribus	attribute, contribute,distribute, retribution, tribe, tribulation, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute
tricen-	thirty each	Latin	triceni	tricenary
tricesim-, trigesim-	thirtieth	Latin	tricesimus	trigesimal
trich-	hair	Greek	θρίξ, τριχός (trikhós)	peritrichous, trichopathophobia, Trichoptera
trin-	three each	Latin	trini	trinary, trine, trinity
trit- ^[226]	third	Greek	τρίτος (trítos)	tritagonist, tritanomaly, tritanopia, trite, tritium
tritic-	wheat	Latin	triticum	triticale
troch-	wheel	Greek	τροχός (trokhós)	trochlea
trop-	turn	Greek	τρόπος (tropos)	contrive, heliotropism, isotrope, psychotropic, retrieve, trope, tropic, tropism, troposphere, troubadour, trove
troph-	feed, grow	Greek	τροφή, τροφός (trophós)	dystrophy, pogonotrophy, trophic
truc-	fierce	Latin	trux, trucis	truculence, truculency, truculent
trud-, trus-	thrust	Latin	trudere, trusus	abstrude, abstruse, abstrusion, abstrusity, detrude, detrusion, detrusor, extrude, extrusible, extrusion, extrusive, inobtrusive, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, nonintrusive, obtrude, obtrusion, obtrusive, protrude, protrudent, protrusile, protrusion, protrusive, retrude, retruse, retrusion, retrusive
trunc-	cut off	Latin	truncare "to maim, mutilate", from truncus "mutilated, cut off"	detruncate, detruncation, entrench, entrenchment, intrench, intrenchment, obtruncate, obtruncation, omnitruncation, retrench, retrenchment, tranche, tranchet, trench, trenchancy, trenchant, truncate, truncation, truncheon, trunk, trunnion
tryp-^[227]	bore	Greek	τρυπᾶν (trupân), τρύπανον (trúpanon)	trepan, trypanophobia, trypanosome
tum-	be swollen	Latin	tumere	detumescence, detumescent, intumescence, tumefacient, tumefaction, tumesce, tumescence, tumescent, tumid, tumidity, tumor, tumorous, tumular, tumulose, tumulous, tumult, tumultuary, tumultuous, tumulus
turb-	disturb	Latin	turba	disturb, disturbance, nonperturbative, perturb, perturbance, perturbation, perturbative, trouble, troublous, turbid, turbidity, turbinate, turbine, turbulence, turbulent
tuss-	cough	Latin	tussis, tussire	pertussis, tussive
tymb-^[228]	mound	Greek	τύμβος (túmbos), τυμβεύω, τύμβευμα	entomb, tomb
tympan-	drum	Greek	τύμπανον (túmpanon)	timbre, timpanist, tympani, tympanum
typ-^[229] (ΤΥΠ^[230])	stamp, model	Greek	τύπτειν (túptein), τύπος (túpos), τυπικός (tupikós), τύμπανον (túmpanon)	allotype, archetype, ecotype, ectype, epitype, ergatotype, heterotype, heterotypic, holotype, homeotypic, homotype, homotypic, isosyntype, isotype, lectotype, logotype, monotypic, neotype, paralectotype, paratype, phenotype, prototype, schizotypic, syntype, type, typography, typology
typh-^[231]	smoke	Greek	τύφειν (túphein), τῦφος (tûphos), τυφώδης	typhoid, typhous, typhus
tyrann-^[232]	terrible, tyrant	Greek	τύραννος (túrannos)	tyrannize, tyrannosaurus, tyranny, tyrant

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
uber-	fruitful, udder	Latin	ūber, uberare	exuberance, exuberant, exuberate, uberous, uberty
uligin-	in marshes	Latin	uligo, uliginis	uliginous
ul-^[233]	gums	Greek	οὖλον (oûlon)	ulorrhea
ul-^[234]	woolly	Greek	οὖλος (oûlos)	Ulotrichi
ultim-	farthest	Latin	ultimus	ultimate, ultimatum
ultra-	beyond	Latin	ultra	ultrasonic
umbilic-	navel	Latin	umbilicus	umbilical, umbilicate, umbilication
umbr-	shade, shadow	Latin	umbra	adumbral, adumbrant, adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrative, antumbra, inumbrate, obumbrant, obumbrate, obumbration, penumbra, penumbral, somber, sombrero, subumbellate, umbel, umbellate, umbelliferous, umbelliform, umbellulate, umbellule, umber, umbra, umbraculum, umbrage, umbrageous, umbral, umbrella, umbriferous, umbrose
un-	one	Latin	ūnus, unius	adunation, biunique, coadunate, coadunation, disunite, disunity, malunion, nonuniform, nonuniformity, nonunion, nonunique, nonunity, onion, reunification, reunion, reunite, triune, unanimous, unary, unate, unicorn, unific, unification, uniform, uniformity, unify, union, unique, unite, unity, universal, universe, university
unc-	hook	Latin	uncus	adunc, aduncity, aduncous, unciform, Uncinaria, uncinate, Uncinia
unci-	ounce, twelfth	Latin	uncia	inch, ounce, quincuncial, semiuncial, uncial
und-	wave	Latin	unda	abound, abundance, abundant, inundant, inundate, inundation, redound, redundancy, redundant, superabound, superabundance, superabundant, surround, undine, undulant, undulate, undulation, undulatory, undulatus, undulose
undecim-	eleventh	Latin	undecimus	undecimal
unden-	eleven each	Latin	ūndēni	undenary
ungu-	claw, hoof, nail	Latin	unguis, ungula	ungual, unguiferous, unguiform, ungular, ungulate, unguligrade
ur-^[235]	tail	Greek	οὐρά, οὐρᾶς (ourá, ourâs)	anthurium, Anura, brachyurous, colure, cynosure, Diplura, Protura, uroborus, urochord, uroid, uropod
ur-^[236]	urine	Greek	οὐρεῖν (oureîn), οὖρον, οὔρου (oûron, oúrou), οὔρησις (oúrēsis), οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr), οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra)	antidiuretic, cystinuria, diuresis, diuretic, dysuria, enuresis, homocystinuria, lithuresis, polyurea, polyuria, strangury, uraemia/uremia, urea, uremic, uresiesthesia, uresis, ureter, ureteroscopy, urethra, urology
uran-^[237]	heaven, sky	Greek	οὐρανός, οὐρανοῦ (ouranós, ouranoû), οὐρανόθεν (ouranóthen)	uraninite, uranium, uranography, uranology, uranometry, uranophobia, Uranus
urb-	city	Latin	urbs, urbis	conurbation, exurb, exurban, interurban, inurbane, inurbanity, nonurban, suburb, suburban, suburbanite, urban, urbane, urbanity
urg-	work	Latin	urgere	urgency, urgent, urge, urger
urs-	bear	Latin	ursus	Ursa Major, ursine, Ursus
ut-, us-	use	Latin	uti, usus	abuse, disuse, use, usual, utilitarian, utility
uv-	grape	Latin	uva	uvea, uvula
uxor-	wife	Latin	uxor	uxoricide

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
vac-	empty	Latin	vacare	evacuate, vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacuous, vacuum
vacc-	cow	Latin	vacca	vaccary, vaccination, vaccine
vacil-	waver	Latin	vacillare "sway, be untrustworthy"	vacillate, vacillation
vad-, vas-	go	Latin	vadere	evade, pervasive
vag-	wander	Latin	vagus, vagare	vagabond, vague
val-	strength, worth	Latin	valere	ambivalence, avail, equivalent, evaluate, prevail, valence, valiant, valid, valor, value
van-	empty, vain, idle	Latin	vanus "empty", also vanescere "vanish"	evanescent, vain, vanish, vanity
vap-	steam	Latin	vapor	evaporate, evaporation, evaporative, evaporator, evaporite, nonevaporative, vapid, vapidity, vapor, vaporescence, vaporescent, vaporific, vaporous
vas-	vessel	Latin	vas	vascular, vase, vasectomy, vessel
vari-	vary	Latin	variare	bivariate, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, variable, variance, variant, variate, variation, variegate, varietal, variety, variola, variolation, variorum, various, vary
varic-	straddle	Latin	varicare "to straddle", from varus "bowlegged"	prevaricate
veh-, vect-	carry	Latin	vehere "to carry", vectus	invective, inveigh, vector, vehement, vehicle
vel-	veil	Latin	velum	revelation, velate
vell-, vuls-	pull	Latin	vellere, vulsus	convulsion
veloc-	quick	Latin	velox, velocis	velocity
ven-	vein	Latin	vena	intravenous, venosity, venule
ven-	poison	Latin	vena	antivenomous, veneniferous, venom
ven-	hunt	Latin	venari	venison
ven-, vent-	come	Latin	venire	advent, adventure, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convention, event, intervene, intervention, invent, prevent, revenue, souvenir, supervene, venue, venture
vend-	sell	Latin	vendere	vend, vendor
vener-	respectful	Latin	venus, veneris	venerable, veneration, venereal
vent-	wind	Latin	ventus	ventilation, ventilator
ventr-	belly	Latin	venter, ventris	ventral
ver-	true	Latin	verus	aver, veracious, verdict, verify, verisimilar, verisimilitude, verity, very
verb-	word	Latin	verbum	verbal, verbatim, verbosity
verber-	whip	Latin	verber	reverberation
verm-	worm	Latin	vermis	vermicompost, vermiculite, vermiform, vermin
vern-	spring	Latin	ver, vernus	vernal
vers-, vert-	turn	Latin	versus, past participle of vertere	adverse, adversity, advertise, anniversary, avert, controversy, controvert, conversant, conversation, converse, convert, diversify, divert, extrovert, introvert, inverse, invert, perverse, pervert, reverse, revert, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertical, vertigo
vesic-	bladder	Latin	vesica	vesical
vesper-	evening, western	Latin	vespera	vesperal
vest-	clothing, garment	Latin	vestire "to clothe", related to vestis "garment"	divest, invest, investiture, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestibule, vestment
vestig-	track	Latin	vestigium	investigate, vestigial
vet-	forbid	Latin	vetare	veto
veter-	old	Latin	vetus, veteris	inveterate, veteran
vi-	way	Latin	via	deviate, obviate, obvious, via
vic-	change	Latin	vicis	vicar, vicarious, vice versa, vicissitude
vicen-, vigen-	twenty each	Latin	viceni	vicenary
vicesim-, vigesim-	twentieth	Latin	vicesimus	vicesimary, vicesimation, vigesimal
vid-, vis-	see	Latin	videre, visus	advice, advisable, advise, advisement, advisor, advisory, clairvoyance, clairvoyant, counterview, enviable, envious, envisage, envisagement, envision, envy, evidence, evident, evidential, evidentiality, evidentiary, improvidence, improvident, improvisation, improvisational, improvise, imprudence, imprudent, inadvisable, inevident, interview, interviewee, invidious, invisibility, invisible, nonevidentiary, nonsupervisory, nonvisual, preview, previse, provide, providence, provident, provision, provisional, provisionality, proviso, provisory, prudence, prudent, prudential, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, reviewal, revisal, revise, revision, revisionary, revisit, supervise, supervision, supervisor, supervisory, survey, surveyor, surview, survise, videlicet, video, view, vis-à-vis, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visitation, visor, vista, visual, visuality, voilà, voyeur
vigil-	watchful	Latin	vigil, also vigilare	invigilate, reveille, surveillance, vigil, vigilance, vigilant, vigilante
vil-	cheap	Latin	vilis	revile, vile, vilify
vill-	country house	Latin	villa	villa, village, villain
vill-	shaggy hair	Latin	villus	intervillous, velour, velvet, villiform, villose, villosity, villous, villus
vin-	wine	Latin	vinum	vigneron, vignette, vinaceous, vinaigrette, vine, vineal, vinegar, viniculture, vinosity, vinous
vinc-, vict-	conquer	Latin	vincere (past participle victus)	convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, province, vanquish, vanquishment, victor, victorious, victory
vind-	to punish, avenge	Latin	vindico	avenge, revanchism, revenge, vendetta, venge, vengeance, vengeful, vindicate, vindictive
viol-	violence	Latin	violens	violation, violence
vir-	man	Latin	vir	decemvir, decemvirate, duumvirate, quadrumvirate, septemvir, septemvirate, triumvir, triumvirate, vigintivirate, virago, virile, virilescence, virility, virilocal, virilocality, virtual, virtuality, virtue, virtuosity, virtuoso, virtuous
vir-	green	Latin	virere	verdure, virid, viridescent, viridian, viridity
vir-	poison, venom	Latin	vīrus	retroviral, retrovirus, rotavirus, togavirus, viral, virality, viricidal, viricide, virucidal, virucide, virulence, virulent, virus
virg-	rod, twig	Latin	virga	virga, virgate, virgula, virgularian, virgulate, virgule
virgin-	maiden	Latin	virgō, virginis	virgin, virginal, virginity, Virgoan
visc-	thick	Latin	viscum	viscosity
viscer-	internal organ	Latin	viscus, visceris	eviscerate, visceral
vit-	life	Latin	vita	vital, vitality, vitamin
vitell-	yolk	Latin	vitellus	vitellogenesis
viti-	fault	Latin	vitium	vice, vitiate, vicious, vituperate
vitr-	glass	Latin	vitrum	vitreous, vitrification, vitriol, virtine
viv-	live	Latin	vivere "to live", related to vita "life"	convivial, revive, survive, viable, victual, vivacious, vivacity, vivid, vivisection
voc-	call, voice	Latin	vocare (to call), from vox "voice" (genitive vocis)	advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, advoke, advowson, avocation, avouch, avow, avowal, avowry, convocate, convocation, convocator, convoke, disavow, disavowal, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, evocable, evocation, evocative, evocator, evoke, invocable, invocate, invocation, invocative, invocator, invoke, prevocational, provocate, provocateur, provocation, provocative, provocator, provoke, reavow, reinvoke, revocable, revocation, revoke, vocabulary, vocal, vocation, vocational, vocative, vociferous, voice, vouch, vouchee, voucher, vouchsafe
vol-	fly	Latin	volare	avolation, circumvolant, circumvolation, nonvolatile, volatile, volatility, volitant, volitation
vol-	will	Latin	voluntas "will" from velle "to wish"	benevolence, benevolent, involuntary, malevolence, malevolent, omnibenevolence, velleity, volitient, volition, volitional, volitive, voluntary, Voluntaryism, volunteer, voluptuary, voluptuous
volv-, volut-	roll	Latin	volvere, volutus	advolution, archivolt, circumvolute, circumvolution, circumvolve, coevolution, coevolutionary, coevolve, convolute, convolution, devolve, evolve, involve, revolve, valve, vault, volte, voluble, volume, voluminous, volva, Volvox, volvulus, voussoir, vulva
vom-	discharge	Latin	vomere	vomit, vomition, vomitory, vomitus
vor-, vorac-	swallow	Latin	vorare, vorax	carnivore, carnivorous, devoration, devoré, devour, herbivore, herbivorous, locavore, omnivore, omnivorous, voracious, voracity, voraginous
vov-, vot-	vow	Latin	vovere, votus	devote, devotee, devotion, devotional, devout, devolve, devow, votary, vote, votive, vow
vulg-	crowd	Latin	vulgus	divulge, vulgarity, vulgate
vulner-	wound	Latin	vulnus, vulneris	vulnerable
vulp-	fox	Latin	vulpēs, vulpis	vulpine

List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z

Collation

Roots P–Z

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Z

Notes

References

Wikiwand - on

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
pac-	peace	Latin	pax, pacis	appease, Pacific, pacify, pay
pach-^[1]	thick	Greek	παχύς (pakhús), πάχος, πάχεος (pákhos, pákheos)	pachydermata, pachyglossia, pachynsis, Pachypodium
pact-	fasten	Latin	pangere "to fix, fasten"	compact, impact, impaction, impinge, page, propagate
pact-	agreement	Latin	pacisci "to covenant, to agree, make a treaty"	pact
pae-^[2]	strike	Greek	παίειν (paíein), (paistos)	anapaest, anapaestic, anapest, anapestic
paed-, ped-^[3]	child	Greek	παῖς, παιδός (paîs, paidós), παιδικός (paidikós)	orthopedic, paediatric, paedogenesis, paedomorphism, page, pedagogue, pedagogy, pedant, pedantic, pediatric, pedodontics, pedophilia
pagin-	page	Latin	pagina	pagination
pal-	stake	Latin	palus	impale, impalement, pale, palisade, pole, travail, travel
palae-, pale-^[4]	ancient, old	Greek	παλαιός (palaiós)	paleo diet, paleobiology, paleobotanic, Paleocene, Paleogene, Paleolithic, paleology, paleomagnetism, paleontology, paleopolyploidy, paleopsychology, Paleozoic
palin-, palim-^[5]	back	Greek	πάλιν (pálin)	palimpsest, palindrome, palingenesis, palinspastic
pall-	be pale	Latin	pallere	pallid, pallor
palli-	cloak	Latin	palliare "to cover, cloak", from pallium "cloak"	pall, palliate, palliative, pallium
palm-	palm	Latin	palma	palmate
palp-	touch	Latin	palpare	palp, palpable, palpate, palpation, palpitant, palpitation
palustr-	in marshes	Latin	paluster	palustral
pan-	Pan	Greek	πάειν, Πάν (Pán), Πανικός (Panikós)	panic
pan-, pam-^[6]	all	Greek	πᾶς, παντός (pantós), πᾶν (pân), πασῶν, παντότης, πάντοθεν	diapason, panacea, pandemic, pandemonium, panoply, panoptic, pantology, parrhesia
pan-	bread	Latin	pānis	accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, empanada, impanate, impanation, panelle, panetela, panetella, panettone, panivorous, pannier, pantry
pand-, pans-	spread	Latin	pandere, pansus/passus	compass, dispand, dispansion, encompass, encompassment, expand, expanse, expansion, expansive, expansivity, impassable, impasse, pace, pandiculate, pandiculation, passus, repand, spawn, subrepand
par-, para-^[7]	beside, near	Greek	παρά (pará)	parable, parabola, parallel, parallelepiped, parameter, parapagus, paradox, parody
par-	equal	Latin	par	compare, disparage, par, parity, peer, subpar
par-	order, prepare, provide, procure	Latin	parare	apparat, apparatus, co-emperor, comprador, disparate, disrepair, dissever, disseverance, emperor, empery, empire, empress, imperant, imperative, imperator, imperious, inseparable, irreparable, parade, pare, parison, parry, parure, preparation, preparative, preparatory, prepare, repair, reparable, reparation, reparative, separability, separable, separate, separation, separative, separator, separatory, separatrix, sever, severability, severable, several, severance, vituperate
parc-, pars-	spare, save	Latin	parcere, parsus	parcity, parsimonious, parsimony
pariet-	wall	Latin	paries, parietis	parietal
part-	part	Latin	pars, partis	apart, bipartite, compartment, depart, impartial, parcel, part, partial, participate, particle, partisan, partition
parthen-^[8]	virgin	Greek	παρθένος (parthénos)	parthenocarpy, parthenogenesis, Parthenon, Parthenope
parv-	little	Latin	parvus	parvovirus, parvorder
pasc-, past-	feed	Latin	pāscere, pāstus	antepast, antipasto, pabulum, pastel, pastern, pastiglia, pastille, pastor, pastorage, pastoral, pastorale, pastorate, pastorium, pasturable, pasturage, pastural, pasture, repast, repasture
pass-^[9]	sprinkle	Greek	πάσσειν (pássein), παστός (pastós)	paste
pass-	pace, step	Latin	passus
passer-	sparrow	Latin	passer	passeriform, passerine
pat-^[10]	path	Greek	πάτος (pátos), πατεῖν (pateîn), πατητός, πατητής, πατητήριον	peripatetic, peripateticism
pat-	be open	Latin	patere	impatent, patefaction, patella, patellar, patelliform, paten, patency, patent, patera, patin
path-^[11]	feeling, disease	Greek	πάσχειν (páskhein), παθητικός (pathētikós), πάθος (páthos)	allopath, allopathy, antipathy, apathetic, apathy, empathy, etiopathogenesis, homeopathic, homeopathy, idiopathic, pathetic, pathoclisis, pathogen, pathogenesis, pathogenic, pathologist, pathology, pathos, psychopath, psychopathic, psychopathy, sympathectomy, sympathetic, sympathy
pater-, patr-^[12]	father	Greek	πατήρ, πατρός (patḗr, patrós), πατριά (patriá), πατριώτης (patriṓtēs)	allopatric, allopatry, eupatrides, patriarch, patriarchy, patriot, patriotic, patriotism, patrology, patronym, patronymic, sympatric, sympatry
pater-, patr-	father	Latin	pater (genitive patris)	compadre, compaternity, compère, impetrate, impetration, impetrative, impetrator, Jupiter, padre, padrone, paterfamilias, paternal, paternity, paternoster, patriate, patriation, Patricia, patrician, patriciate, patricidal, patricide, Patrick, patriclinous, patricliny, patrifocal, patrilateral, patrilineage, patrilineal, patrilineality, patrilinear, patrilocal, patrilocality, patrimonial, patrimony, patron, patronage, patronal, patronate, patroness, patroon, patter, pattern, père, perpetrable, perpetrate, perpetration, perpetrator, repatriate, repatriation
pati-, pass-	suffer, feel, endure, permit	Latin	pati, passus	compassion, compassionate, compatibility, compatible, dispassion, dispassionate, impassible, impassion, impassive, impassivity, impatible, impatience, impatient, incompatibility, incompatible, interpatient, noncompatible, nonpassible, passibility, passible, passion, passional, passionary, passionate, passive, passivity, patible, patience, patient, patientive, perpession
pauc-	few	Latin	paucus	paucal, pauciloquent, paucity
pav-	beat	Latin	pavire	pavage, pave, pavement, pavior
pecc-	sin	Latin	peccatum "sin, fault, error", from peccare "to miss, mistake"	impeccable, peccadillo, peccant, peccavi

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
sacc-^[131]	bag	Greek	σάκκος (sákkos)	sack
sacchar-^[132]	sugar	Greek	σάκχαρ, σάκχαρον (sákkharon)	disaccharide, heteropolysaccharide, homopolysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, pentasaccharide, polysaccharide, saccharin, trisaccharide
sacr-, -secr-	sacred	Latin	sacrare, from sacer (genitive sacri)	consecrate, desecrate, sacrament, sacred, sacrosanct
sagac-	wise	Latin	sagax, sagacis	sagacious, sagacity
sagitt-	arrow	Latin	sagitta	sagittal plane, Sagittaria
sal-	salt	Latin	sal, salis, salere, salarium	salary, salinity
sali-, -sili-, salt-	jump	Latin	salire, saltus	assail, assailable, assailant, assailment, assault, assaultive, consilience, desultory, dissilience, dissilient, exult, exultant, exultation, insult, insultation, irresilient, resile, resilement, resilience, resiliency, resilient, result, resultant, salacious, salacity, salience, salient, sally, saltando, saltant, saltation, saltatorial, saltatory, saltigrade, saltire, salto, saltus, sault, sauté, sauteuse, sautille, sautoir, somersault, soubresaut, subsultory, transilience, transilient
salic-	willow	Latin	salix, salicis	salicin
salping-^[133]	trumpet	Greek	σάλπιγξ, σάλπιγγος (sálpinx, sálpingos)	endosalpingiosis, hysterosalpingography, salpiglossis, salpinx
salu-	health, welfare	Latin	salus	salubrious, salubrity, salutary, salute
salv-	save	Latin	salvus, salvare	salvage, salvation, salve
san-	healthy	Latin	sanus	insane, insanity, sanatorium, sane, sanitarian, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanity
sanc-	holy	Latin	sancire (past participle sanctus)	sacrosanct, saint, sanctify, sanction, sanctuary
sanguin-	blood	Latin	sanguis, sanguinis	consanguinity, sanguinary, sanguine
sapi-, -sipi-	taste, wise	Latin	sapere "to have a taste, be wise", related to sapor "taste, flavor"	insipid, insipience, sapient
sapon-	soap	Latin from Frankish	sapo, saponis	saponification
sapphir-^[134]	a precious stone	Greek from Hebrew	σάπφειρος (sáppheiros)	sapphire, sapphirine
sapr-^[135]	rotten	Greek	σήπειν, σαπρός (saprós), σαπρότης	sapraemia, saprogenic, saprophagous, saprophyte, saprotrophic
sarc-^[136]	flesh	Greek	σάρξ, σαρκός (sárx, sarkós)	perisarc, sarcasm, sarcastic, sarcocele, sarcoid, sarcoidosis, sarcoma, sarcophagus, Sarcopterygii, sarcosine, sarcosinemia, sarcosome
sarc-	tailor	Latin	sartor "tailor", from sarcire "to mend"	consarcination, sartor, sartorial, sartorius
sati-	enough	Latin	satis	asset, sate, satiate, satiety, satisfy, saturate
saur-^[137]	lizard, reptile	Greek	σαύρα (saúra), σαῦρος (saûros)	dinosaur, Saurischia, sauropod
sax-	rock	Latin	saxum	saxatile, saxicavous, saxicoline, saxifrage, saxifragous
scab-	scratch	Latin	scabere	scabies
scal-	ladder, stairs	Latin	scala	scalar, scale
scalen-^[138]	uneven	Greek	σκαληνός (skalēnós)	scalene, scalene muscles, scalene triangle, scalenohedron
scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens-	climb	Latin	scandere	ascend, ascendency, ascendent, ascension, ascent, condescend, condescendence, condescension, descend, descendent, descension, descent, scansion, transcend, transcendence, transcendent, transcendental
scandal-	snare	Greek	σκάνδαλον (skándalon), σκανδαλίζω (skandalízō)	scandal, scandalize
scap-^[139]	shaft	Greek	σκᾶπος (skâpos)	scape, scapus
scaph-	anything hollow, bowl, ship	Greek	σκάφη, σκάφος	Scaphirhynchus, scaphoid bone, scaphopod
scat-^[140]	dung	Greek	σκῶρ, σκατός (skôr, skatós)	scatemia, scatology, scatoma, scatomancy, scatophagy, scatoscopy
sced-^[141]	scatter	Greek	σκεδαννύναι (skedannúnai), σκέδασις (skédasis), (skedastós), (skedastikós)	heteroscedastic, homoscedastic
scel-^[142]	leg, thigh	Greek	σκέλος, σκέλεος (skéleos)	isosceles, triskele, triskelion
scen-^[143]	booth, tent	Greek	σκηνή (skēnḗ)	parascenium, proscenium, scene, scenic, scenography
scept-, scop-	look at, examine, view, observe	Greek	σκέπτεσθαι (sképtesthai), σκέψις (sképsis), σκέμμα, σκεπτικός (skeptikós), σκοπεῖν (skopeîn), σκοπός, σκοποῦ (skopós)	Abroscopus, diascopic, diascopy, endoscope, endoscopic, endoscopy, epidiascope, episcope, episcopic, gastroscopy, kaleidoscope, macroscopic, microscope, microscopic, panendoscopy, periscope, periscopic, scope, scopophobia, skeptic, stereoscopic, stereoscopy, stethoscope, telescope, telescopic, Telescopium
schem-	plan	Greek	σχῆμα (skhêma)	schema, schematic, schematism, schematize, scheme
schid-^[144] (ΣΧΙΔ)^[145]	split	Greek	σχίζειν (skhízein), σχιστός (skhistós), σχίσις (skhísis), σχίσμα (skhísma), σχίζα	diaschisis, diaschisma, schisis, schism, schisma, schismatic, schizocarp, schizogamy, schizogony, schizoid, schizophrenia, schizotrichia
sci-^[146]	shade, shadow	Greek	σκιά (skiá), σκιάς	sciamachy, sciaphobia
sci-	know	Latin	scire	conscience, conscious, conscientious, omniscious, omniscient, prescient, science, scienter
scind-, sciss-	split	Latin	scindere	rescind, scissors

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
xanth-^[238]	yellow	Greek	ξανθός (xanthós), ξανθότης (xanthótēs) "yellowness"	axanthism, heteroxanthine, xanthan, xanthelasma, xanthic, xanthine, Xanthippe, xanthium, xanthochromia, xanthochromism, xanthogenic, Xanthoidea, xanthoma, xanthomatosis, xanthophobia, xanthophore, xanthophyll, xanthopsia, xanthopterin, xanthosis, xanthous
xe-^[239]	scrape, shave	Greek	ξεῖν/ξέειν (xéein), ξέσις (xésis), ξέσμα (xésma)	arthroxesis
xei-, xi-^[240]	ks	Greek	Ξ, ξ, ξεῖ/ξῖ	xi
xen-^[241]	foreign	Greek	ξένϝος, ξένος (xénos), ξενικός, ξενία (xenía)	axenic, Xenarthra, xenia, xenic, xenobiotic, xenoblast, xenogamy, xenograft, xenolith, xenology, xenon, xenophobia
xer-^[242]	dry	Greek	ξηρός (xērós), ξηρότης (xērótēs)	elixir, xerasia, xerochilia, xeroderma, xerography, xeromorph, xerophagy, xerophile, xerophthalmia, xerophyte, xerosis
xiph-^[243]	sword	Greek	ξίφος (xíphos)	xiphisternum, xiphoid, xiphopagus, xiphophyllous
xyl-^[244]	wood	Greek	ξύλον (xúlon)	metaxylem, protoxylem, xylem, xylene, xylitol, xylocarp, Xylocarpus, xyloid, xylophagous, xylophobia, xylophone, xylostroma

Root	Meaning in English	Origin language	Etymology (root origin)	English examples
zel-^[245]	jealousy, zeal	Greek	ζῆλος (zêlos), ζηλωτής, ζηλωτοῦ (zēlōtḗs)	zeal, zealot, zealous
zema-^[246]	boil	Greek	ζεῖν (zeîn), ζεστός (zestós), ζέσις, ζέμα, ζέματος (zéma, zématos)	apozema, eczema, eczematous
zephyr-^[247]	west wind	Greek	Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros)	zephyr
zet-^[248]	Z, z	Greek	Ζ, ζ, ζῆτα (zêta)	zed, zeta
zete-^[249]	seek	Greek	ζητεῖν (zēteîn), ζητητός (zētētós), ζητητικός (zētētikós)	zetetic
zizyph-^[250]	jujube	Greek	ζίζυφον (zízuphon)	Ziziphus
zo-^[251]	animal, living being	Greek	ζῶ, ζῷον (zôion)	anthrozoology, azoic, azotemia, cryptozoology, ectozoon, entozoon, epizoon, Eumetazoa, Mesozoic, Metazoa, protozoa, zoanthropy, zodiac, zoic, zoo, zoochore, zoogamete, zoogeography, zooid/zoöid, zoologic, zoology, zoomorphism, zoon, zoonosis, zoophagy, zoopoetics, zoospore, zootoxin, zooxanthella
zon-^[252]	belt, girdle	Greek	ζωννύναι (zōnnúnai), ζώνη (zṓnē), ζωστήρ (zōstḗr), ζῶστρον	phylozone, zonal, zone, zonohedron, zonotope, zoster
zyg-^[253] (ΖΥΓ)^[254]	yoke	Greek	ζευγνύναι (zeugnúnai), ζεῦγμα (zeûgma), ζυγωτός (zugōtós), ζυγός, ζυγόν (zugón)	azygous, diazeugma, dizygotic, heterozygote, heterozygous, hyperzeuxis, hypozeugma, hypozeuxis, mesozeugma, monozygotic, prozeugma, synezeugmenon, zeugitae, zeugma, zygoma, zygomorphic, zygomorphism, zygomycosis, zygomycota, zygon, Zygoptera, zygote
zym-^[255]	ferment	Greek	ζέω, ζύμη (zúmē)	alloenzyme, azyme, azymite, enzyme, lysozyme, microzyme, zymase, zyme, zymogen, zymology, zymolysis, zymosis, zymotic, zymurgy